“过不去”的认知语义与历时演化

Cognitive Semantics and Diachronic Evolution of “guobuqu”(过不去)

三音节动词“过不去”包含“空间位移的不成功、数量上的未达标、时间上的无法满足,以及抽象的主观心理感受”四个义项,方位隐喻、转喻以及主观性是其语义演变的机制。历时演变上,“过不去”在元代出现,明代成词,清代大量使用,民国用法趋向成熟,语义经历了从“企望”“可能义”并存到只体现“可能义”的发展变化。

The three syllable verb“guobuqu”contains four meanings of“unsuccessful spatial displacement,substandard quantity,unsatisfied time,and abstract subjective psychological feelin”.Location metaphor,metonymy and subjectivity are the mechanisms of its semantic evolution.In terms of diachronic evolution,“guobuqu”appeared in the Yuan Dynasty,became a word in the Ming Dynasty,was widely used in the Qing Dynasty,and the usage of the Republic of China tended to be mature.The semantics experienced changesfrom“hope”and“possible meaning”to“possible meaning”.