黑钙土缺素施肥对甜菜干物质积累、氮素吸收与分配的影响

The Effects of Nutrient-deficient Fertilization in Chernozem on Beta vulgaris L.Dry Matter Accumulation,Nitrogen Absorption and Distribution

为了确定施肥中缺少某一营养元素对甜菜干物质积累和氮素吸收利用规律,于2016年和2017年在田间条件下,设置对照(不施用肥料)、缺氮施肥、缺磷施肥、缺钾施肥共4个处理,研究了缺素施肥对甜菜光合产物积累和氮素吸收分配的影响。结果表明:2016年收获期,缺氮施肥处理的甜菜根系干物质积累量分别比缺磷施肥处理、缺钾施肥处理降低了21.20%和45.20%,氮素吸收量分别降低了20.49%和33.63%;2017年缺氮施肥处理根系干物质积累量显著低于缺磷和缺钾施肥处理,氮吸收量间无显著差异;不同施肥处理对甜菜叶片干物质积累和氮吸收的影响处于同一水平;缺氮和缺磷、缺钾施肥处理相比降低了根系干物质分配比例,提高了叶片分配比例。综合分析认为,黑钙土上缺氮施肥对甜菜影响大于缺磷和缺钾,应注重氮肥的施用。

The effects of nutrient-deficient fertilization on photosynthetic accumulation and nitrogen absorption and distribution in Beta vulgaris L.were studied to determine the law of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption and utilization of Beta vulgaris L.due to lack of a certain nutrient element in fertilization,the test was under field conditions in 2016 and 2017,setting 4 treatments including control(no fertilizer),nitrogen-deficient fertilization,phosphorus-deficient fertilization,and potassium-deficient fertilization.The result showed that the root dry matter accumulation of nitrogen-deficient fertilization treatment was 21.20%and 45.20%lower than phosphorus-deficient fertilization treatment and potassium-deficient fertilization treatment,respectively,nitrogen absorption of nitrogen-deficient fertilization treatment was 20.49%and 33.63%lower than phosphorus-deficient fertilization treatment and potassium-deficient fertilization treatment respectively in the harvest period of 2016;the root dry matter accumulation of nitrogen-deficient fertilization treatment was significantly lower than that in phosphorus-deficient fertilization treatment and potassium-deficient fertilization treatment,and nitrogen absorption was no significant difference in 2017;the effects of different nutrient-deficient fertilization treatments on the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption of Beta vulgaris L.leaves were at the same level;the nitrogen-deficient fertilization treatment decreased the distribution ratio of dry matter in roots and increased the distribution ratio in leaves compared with phosphorus-deficient fertilization treatment and potassium-deficient fertilization treatment.Comprehensive analysis showed that nitrogen-deficient fertilization on chernozem soil had a greater impact on Beta vulgaris L.than phosphorus deficiency and potassium deficiency.