舞剧《鱼美人》与中国舞剧新体系的探索历程

Mermaid Beauty and the Exploration Process of the New System of Chinese Dance Drama

舞剧《鱼美人》原版创演于1959年,是北京舞蹈学校第二届舞蹈编导训练班的毕业实习作品;执教该班的苏联专家彼·安·古雪夫担任该剧总编导。按照古雪夫的动议,是“想通过《鱼美人》的创作为中国的舞剧发展做一些实验,探索建立一种新的舞蹈体系——中国古典舞和西方芭蕾舞相互补充的‘古典—芭蕾’体系”。作为借鉴古典芭蕾的结构形式表现中国神话故事题材的一次重要尝试,舞剧《鱼美人》对以后中国舞剧创作产生了重要影响。此后,“79芭版《鱼美人》”和“94新版《鱼美人》”在复排“59原版《鱼美人》”的基础上,也对如何在舞剧创作中“充分发挥舞蹈的优势”以及如何“继续推进芭蕾舞民族化”等问题进行了进一步探索与实验。

The original version of the dance drama Mermaid Beauty was created and performed in 1959.It was a graduation work of the second choreography training class of Beijing Dance School.The Soviet expert Pyotr Andreievich Gusev who taught this class was its chief choreographer.According to Gusev’s proposition “to carry out some experiments to develop Chinese dance drama through the creation of Mermaid Beauty,and explore the establishment of a new dance system,a ‘classical-ballet’ system that complements Chinese classical dance and western ballet.” As an important attempt to express themes of Chinese mythologies by borrowing the structural form of classical ballet,Mermaid Beauty has had an important influence on the creation of Chinese dance dramas.Since then,based on the “1959 original version” of Mermaid Beauty,the “1979 ballet version” and the “1994 new version” further explored issues such as how to give full play to the advantages of dance in dance drama creation and how to promote the nationalization of ballet.