胆汁类药物的古今应用

Ancient and modern application of bile drugs

中医学对于胆汁类药物的应用广泛而悠久。从《神农本草经》到清代方书《普济方》,其中关于胆汁类药物应用的记载虽然很多,却缺少系统地梳理。通过大量阅读中医古籍,文章系统梳理了胆汁类药物的古今应用。胆汁类药物味极苦,性寒,具有补液、润燥通便、清热解毒、利胆退黄、息风定惊安神、明目退翳等功用,其药用从古代延续至今,现代在沿用的基础上又在给药方式、剂型上有诸多创新,应用范围有所拓展。中医古籍是中医药文化的宝库,胆汁类药物作为其中记载的特色药物之一,值得进一步开发利用。

Bile drugs have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for a long history. There are many records on the application of bile drugs, from Shennong Bencao Jing to Puji Fang in Qing dynasty. However, throughout the classics of TCM, the related records are not systematic. Through a large number of reading and analysis of ancient books of TCM,the application of bile drugs in ancient and modern times was systematically summarized. Bile drugs have an ultimate bitter flavour and cold property. Therefore, it has the functions of supplementing body fluids, moistening dryness for relaxing bowels, clearing heat and resolving toxins, soothing the gallbladder and eliminating jaundice, extinguishing wind and calming the mind, improving the eyesight and removing the nebula. Its medicinal use has been continued from ancient times till now. On the basis of adopting in modern time, the way of drug delivery, dosage form has a lot of innovation, the scope of application has been expanded. Ancient Chinese medicine books are the treasure house of TCM. As one of the characteristic drugs recorded, bile drugs are worthy of further exploration and utilization.