陈献章境界论的基源与旨趣

The Source and Substance of Chen Xianzhang’s Theory about Aesthetic Realms

陈献章著作中的境界主要有如下四种:宇宙境界、本体境界、太和境界、虚明境界。其中,前两者以邵雍之学为基源,从心境中提炼境界,使吾心、宇宙、本体相贯通;后两者以道家思想为基源,以虚明之“道眼”观照万物之齐同,因悟万物齐同而遣荡对各殊事物的偏见,达至中正太和境界。就境界层次而言,前两者高于且立基于后两者。陈献章境界论的独特旨趣在于:其注重心体,讲求通过简易直捷、以小见大的途径达到最高境界。

The realms in Chen Xianzhang’s works mainly include the following four kinds:the realm of universe,the realm of noumenon,the realm of Supreme Harmony,and the realm of emptiness and brightness.Among them,the first two took Shao Yong’s theory as the source,enabling him to refine the realms from the state of mind,and connected the mind,the universe,and the noumenon;the latter two took Taoism as the source,observed the unity of all things with the Taoist eyes of emptiness and brightness,and dispersed the prejudice against various things because of the realization of the unity of all things,reaching the realm of supreme harmony.As far as the realm level is concerned,the former two are higher than and based on the latter two.The unique purport of Chen Xianzhang’s realm theory lies in that it pays attention to the mind,stresses obtaining the highest realm through simple and straightforward ways,and espies the big from the small.