书写渔洋——论传记文本中王士禛形象的塑造

On the Shaping of Wang Shizhen’s Images in Biographical Texts

王士禛一生在仕途和文学方面都有极高成就,集部院大臣与诗坛领袖身份为一,后世其传记在形象塑造上也就主要分为名卿与文士两类。其中前者根据视角又可以分为家传、私人史传和官方史书三类:家传类依照传统写作模式,在完整刻画王氏一生事迹的同时又多有歌功颂德之言;私人史传侧重其良吏和贤臣才能;官方史书则更注重其天子近臣身份,多有借立传教化天下之意。文士形象主要围绕王士禛诗学成就立论,赞赏与批评之音皆有。其背后原因既有文体写作模式的影响,也和不同作者的修史心态有关。

Wang Shizhen made great achievements in both his official career and literary creation in his whole life.He was one of the ministers of the central government and the leader of the then poetic circle.From his status as a famous minister,the biographies of Wang can be divided into three categories:family biographies,personal biographies and official biographies.The family biographies were complied with the traditional writing mode,which not only depicted the whole life story of Wang but also praised his virtues.His personal biographies focused on his ability as a good official and virtuous minister.The official history books paid more attention to his status as a minister close to the emperor,with a view to educating people through biographies.His image as a man of letters mainly focused on his poetic achievements,with both praise and criticism.The underlying reasons include not only influence of the style and mode of his writing,but also the mentality of different authors of histories.