求职成本、个体追求与网约工的职业选择

Job-seeking Cost, Individual Pursuit and Career Choice of Online Contract Workers

我国传统数量型的人口红利正渐渐消失,在亟待通过提高劳动人口质量延长人口红利的背景下,我国技能型人才出现严重紧缺的问题,而与此同时,以外卖、快递为代表的劳动密集型平台却得以聚集大量的青壮年劳动力。本文在文献回顾的基础上,运用整合了定性和定量研究方法要素的混合研究方法,选取武汉市的外卖骑手和快递员为调查对象。研究发现,平台低门槛、速成的岗前培训及低离职风险为劳动者创造了求职成本较低的外在条件,而高薪酬及弹性化的劳动方式,催生了劳动者对美好职业梦想的个体追求,外在条件因素和内在动力因素共同导致了“网约工”的职业选择行为。

China’s traditional quantity-led demographic dividend is gradually disappearing.It is urgent to prolong the demographic dividend by improving the quality of the labor force,for which there is a serious shortage of skilled talents.At the same time,the labor-intensive platforms represented by takeaway and express delivery services begin to gather a large number of young and middle-aged labors.On the basis of literature review,this paper integrates qualitative and quantitative research methods,selects takeaway riders and couriers in Wuhan as survey objects,and obtains 810 valid questionnaires and 1891 minutes of interview recording.It finds that low threshold of the platforms,short pre-job training and low risk in quitting create the external conditions with low job-seeking cost for workers,while high salary and flexible working style meet workers’individual pursuit of a good career.External conditions and internal motivation together lead to the career choice of“online contract workers”.