适应碳达峰、碳中和目标的生态保护补偿机制研究――基于碳汇价值视角

Research on Ecological Protection Compensation Mechanism Based on Carbon Sink Value

基于碳汇价值优化生态保护补偿机制对推进生态文明建设发挥着举足轻重的作用,是体现“碳中和”过程公平的重要调剂手段,也将促进生态保护补偿政策向精细化转变。文章从梳理我国生态保护补偿发展及实践特征出发,基于碳汇价值的内涵、属性与实现路径,提出基于碳汇的生态保护补偿机制面临的三重挑战:碳汇发生机制具有复杂性、不确定性与不稳定性;各类碳汇价值的量化工作基础不同;受作为基础性、关键性要素的碳价格确定影响,碳汇价值核算争议较大,碳汇监测技术尚不完善。构建基于碳汇的生态保护补偿机制应区分阶段推进,相关基础理论研究、管理与技术支撑需要不断深化。

The establishment of ecological protection compensation mechanism is a critical content and an important institutional guarantee for the construction of ecological civilization.Carbon peak and carbon neutrality have been included in the overall layout of the construction of ecological civilization.The optimization of ecological protection mechanism based on carbon sink value plays a pivotal role in promoting the construction of ecological civilization in China,which is an important means of regulating the fairness of“carbon neutrality”process,and will also promote the transformation of ecological protection compensation policy to refinement.Based on the connotation,attribute and realization path of carbon sink value,this paper points out that the ecological protection mechanism based on carbon sink faces three challenges.First,the mechanism of carbon sink is complex,uncertain and unstable;second,the quantitative basis of carbon sink value is different;third,due to the influence of carbon price determination which is a fundamental and key element,the carbon sink value accounting is controversial and carbon sink monitoring technology is not well-developed.Therefore,the establishment of ecological protection compensation mechanisms based on carbon sinks should be carried out at different stages,and relevant basic theoretical research,management and technical support need to be deepened and improved.