煤基航天煤油安全特性分析

Analysis of safety characteristics of coal-based aviation kerosene

本文研究了GX煤油、HX煤油、WX煤油3种典型煤油的危险性和热安全特性。首先,利用自行设计的爆炸极限测量系统,确定了3种煤油蒸汽的爆炸下限。然后,使用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对煤油进行线性加热实验,分析煤油的热分解特性。采用动力学方法计算并比较了3种煤油的热解动力学参数。实验结果表明:GX煤油的闪点及爆炸下限相对较低。DSC测试表明,HX煤油的最低初始分解温度为116.5℃。由热解动力学计算可知,HX煤油的T_(D24)与表观活化能较小。由ARC试验得到,在绝热条件下GX煤油的热稳定性最差。3种煤油的高温稳定性均可达到要求。综合来看,GX煤油的危险性最高,HX煤油的热安全性最低,故在煤油的储运过程中要防止热量的累积。此研究提供了煤基航天煤油基础的安全特性数据,为发动机可靠性增长与性能提升提供了技术支撑。

The risk and thermal safety characteristics of GX kerosene,HX kerosene and WX kerosene are studied.Firstly,the explosion lower limits of three kinds of kerosene steams are tested by using the self-made explosion limit measuring system.Then differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)is employed to perform linear heating experiment on kerosene to analyze its thermal decomposition characteristics.The pyrolysis kinetic parameters of three kinds of kerosene are calculated based on the thermal dynamic methods.The experimental results show that the flash point and lower explosion limit of GX kerosene are relatively low.The DSC test shows that the lowest initial decomposition temperature of HX kerosene is 116.5℃.According to pyrolysis kinetics calculation,the T_(D24) and apparent activation energy of HX kerosene are the minimum.ARC test shows that GX kerosene has the worst thermal stability under the adiabatic condition.The high temperature stabilities of the three kinds of kerosene all meet the requirements.On the whole,GX kerosene has the highest hazard,and HX kerosene has the lowest thermal safety.The accumulation of heat should be prevented during the storage and transportation of kerosene.This study provides the crucial safety characteristics data of coal-based aerospace kerosene-based,and provides technical support for engine reliability growth and performance improvement.