理解政策设计:一个初步的分析框架

Understanding Policy Design:A Preliminary Analytical Framework

政策设计是公共政策研究的热点主题,已有的社会建构论、工具组合论和创新管理论等分析框架,为公共场域的政策设计提供分析范式,但也有各自解释局限。通过构建政策设计的目标群体—主体—焦点—方法分析框架,比较政策设计与政策设置的本质差异,突出政策设计的目标群体导向。阐释政府作为政策设计主体与设计参与者等设计联盟的关系,论述政策设计焦点主要关注设计过程中工具的使用及组合安排、设计时间与空间、设计思维问题。政策设计采用工具甄别筛选法、聚焦群体法和创新设计法,主要应用于国家和地区重大决策、区域特定环境和知识联动领域。深刻把握政策设计的分析框架和应用启示,有利于增强中国场景的公共政策顶层设计和宏观规划能力。

Policy design is a hot topic of public policy research.The existing analytical frameworks,such as social construction theory,tools combination theory and innovation management theory,provide analytical paradigms for policy design in the public field,but they also have their own interpretation limitations.By constructing the target group-subject-focus-method analysis framework of policy design,the essential differences between policy design and policy setting are compared,and the target group-orientation of policy design is highlighted.This paper expounds the design alliance relationship between the government and the participants of policy design,and discusses the focuses on the use and arrangement of tools,design time and space,and design thinking issues in the design process.It adopts tool screening method,focused group method and innovative design method,which are mainly applied to major national and regional decision-making,regional specific environment and knowledge linkage fields.We should grasp the analytical framework and application inspiration of policy design,and enhance the top-level design and macro planning ability of public policy in the Chinese scenario.