易地扶贫搬迁前后农户生计恢复力对比分析:以贵州省贞丰县者相镇安置点为例

Comparative Analysis of Farmers′Livelihood Resilience before and after Relocation for Poverty Alleviation:A Case Study in the Relocation Site in Zhexiang Town of Zhenfeng County,Guizhou Province

探究喀斯特贫困地区易地扶贫搬迁前后农户生计恢复力及其影响因素,对提升农户生计恢复潜力及促进生计可持续发展具有重要意义。采用2019—2021年126户搬迁农户的持续跟踪问卷调查数据,引入生计可持续思想建立生计恢复力框架,对易地扶贫搬迁农户生计恢复力进行测度,对比搬迁前后农户生计恢复力及其影响因素,并提出相应生计建设路径。结果表明,贵州省贞丰县者相镇安置点搬迁后农户生计恢复力呈上升趋势,2021年生计恢复力比搬迁前提升25.24%;搬迁前后各维度变化量表现为学习能力>缓冲能力>自组织能力;家庭经济状况、社会保障和风险应对能力等因子是影响搬迁农户生计恢复水平的核心因素。者相镇安置点搬迁前后农户生计恢复潜力差异明显,各维度增长趋势不同,提高搬迁农户收入水平和学习能力以及完善社会保障,可帮助搬迁农户进一步实现生计可持续发展。

This paper explores farmers′livelihood resilience and its influencing factors before and after the implementation of relocation for poverty alleviation in poverty⁃stricken Karst areas,which is of great significance to enhance the potential of farmers′livelihood resilience and promote the sustainable development of their livelihood.Based on the data obtained from questionnaire surveys that were carried out among 126 relocated households from 2019 to 2021,a livelihood resilience framework was established by introducing the idea of sustainable livelihood analysis,the livelihood resilience of the reloca⁃ted households was measured,the farmers′livelihood resilience and its influencing factors before and after the relocation were compared and analyzed,and the relevant measures for promoting the livelihood of relocated households are put for⁃ward.The results show that the farmers′livelihood resilience was on an upward trend after they were relocated to the site in Zhexiang Town,with an increase of 25.24%from 2019 to 2021;the variation of famers′livelihood resilience in different dimensions ranks from big to small as follows:learning ability>buffering ability>self⁃organizing ability;the livelihood resilience of relocated farmers′households is influenced by core factors such as family economic conditions,social securi⁃ty,risk coping abilities etc.The potential of farmers′livelihood resilience was significantly different before and after they were relocated to Zhexiang Town,with different growth trends in different dimensions.The sustainable development of relo⁃cated farmers′livelihood can be further promoted by improving their income levels and learning abilities,as well as guar⁃anteeing social security.