规模化立体生猪养殖系统环境影响评价

Environmental Impacts Assessment of Large⁃scale Multi⁃floor Pig Farming Systems

随着养殖业向规模化与集约化发展,养殖废物的集中处置与生物质资源高效利用成为关注的焦点。采用生命周期评价方法对典型立体生猪养殖场的饲料生产、生猪养殖以及粪污处置等全生命过程资源能源消耗与环境影响进行量化分析,同时将其综合效益与传统养殖方式进行对比分析。结果表明,各子系统环境影响指数中,粪污处置与资源化利用子系统环境影响指数最大,其后依次为饲料生产子系统、生猪养殖与管理子系统,占比分别为60.36%、24.25%和15.39%。对于全球变暖,生猪养殖与粪污处置子系统的贡献趋同,分别占32.95%和44.98%。对于酸化及富营养化,粪污处置与资源化利用子系统贡献均较大,分别占58.59%和63.78%。在能源消耗方面,饲料生产子系统能耗占比达79.58%。与传统养殖方式相比,规模化立体养殖模式的温室气体减排、土地占用降低以及人力成本减少分别达到30.30%、91.00%和72.00%。

Given the large⁃scale and intensive development of the livestock industry,attention has become focused on cen⁃tralized disposal of livestock waste and efficient utilization of biomass resources.To assess the environmental impact of large⁃scale multi⁃floor pig farming systems(LMPFSs),the life cycle assessment method was used to analyze the resource,and en⁃ergy consumption,and environmental impact of the entire process of feed production,pig breeding,and manure treatment of an LMPFS,and the comprehensive benefits of an LMPFS were compared with those of a traditional pig farming system.Re⁃sults show that in terms of the environmental impact index of each subsystem,manure disposal and resource utilization each accounted for nearly half of the total,whereas feed production,pig breeding,and other subsystems accounted for 60.36%,24.25%,and 15.39%of the total,respectively.In relation to global warming,the contributions of pig farming and manure treatment subsystems converged,accounting for 32.95%and 44.98%,respectively.Among the contributions to acidification and eutrophication,the manure disposal and resource utilization subsystems contributed the most,accounting for 58.59%and 63.78%,respectively.In terms of energy consumption,the feed production subsystem accounted for 79.58%.In com⁃parison with a traditional pig farming system,the greenhouse gas emissions,area of breeding land,and human resources as⁃sociated with an LMPFS were reduced by 30.30%,91.00%,and 72.00%,respectively.