多色花簕杜鹃花的嫁接结构及其配套技术试验

Experiment on Grafting Structure of Multicolor flower Bougainvillea spectabilis and Supporting Technology

对多色花簕杜鹃花的嫁接结构及其配套技术进行了试验,结果表明:①不同主色调的簕杜鹃花可嫁接在同一植株上,并可培育出结构优美的多色花簕杜鹃花。②采用切接法、舌接法和70°/20°对接法等3种嫁接方法,嫁接后3个月的成活率均可达90.0%以上,穗条抽生长度为70°/20°对接法比切接法和舌接法的显著长些,穗条直径生长为70°/20°对接法和舌接法比切接法的显著大些;嫁接后12个月,70°/20°对接法的接口愈合最好,舌接法次之,切接法再次之。综合比较认为在砧木与接穗直径大小相似时,可采用70°/20°对接法,反之则采用切接法。③经方差分析检验,该试验设计的“3种主色调分置于三层等高分布结构”等3种嫁接结构的观赏效果综合评分差异不显著,但它们的观赏效果得分均达到了4.10分以上的优良水平,故均可作为用于生产的嫁接结构模型。④该试验设计的嫁接时间、砧木处理和接穗质量等配套技术,切实可行。最后,就如何解决多色花簕杜鹃花的开花时间、时长等问题,提出了进一步研究的方向。

The experimental results of the grafting structure and supporting technology of multicolor flower Bougainvillea spectabilis show that:①Bougainvillea spectabilis with different main colors can be grafted on the same plant.The multicolor flower Bougainvillea spectabilis with beautiful structures can be cultivated;②Three grafting methods including cutting grafting,tongue grafting and 70°/20°butt grafting were used,and the survival rate of 3 months after grafting could reach more than 90.0%.The length and diameter growth of the third method are significantly longer than those of the first two.12 months after grafting,the interface healing of 70°/20°butt grafting is the best,followed by tongue grafting and cutting grafting.Comprehensive comparison shows that when the diameter of rootstock and scion are similar,70°/20°butt grafting method can be used.Otherwise,cutting grafting can be used;③The variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the comprehensive score of the ornamental effect of the three grafting structures,such as"three main colors were placed in the three-layer contour distribution structures",but their ornamental effect scores reached an excellent level of more than 4.10 points,so they can be used as grafting structure models for production;④The matching techniques of grafting time,rootstock treatment and scion quality designed in this experiment are feasible.Finally,the direction of further research is put forward on how to solve the problems of flowering time and duration of multicolor flower Bougainvillea spectabilis.