从主体到规则的转向:资源下乡背景下农村基层治理研究

From Subjects to Rules:Study on Rural Grassroots Governance under the Background of Resources Going to Countryside

随着国家对农村基层资源投入力度的加大,学界对下乡资源的基层治理有效性提出质疑,并开始以乡村精英为切入点来考察是谁主导了下乡资源的基层治理问题。关于治理主体的探讨经历了从乡村精英到多元主体的拓展,形成了治理主体研究的“乡村精英”模式和“多元共治”模式。近年来,有些学者开始从治理规则的角度来矫治下乡资源的基层治理困境,研究呈现出从主体到规则的转向,即从注重“由谁治理”转向侧重“如何治理”。基于资源下乡这一政策背景,文章从分税制改革后的国家与农民关系研究着手,以乡村精英治理研究和多元共治研究为基本线索,评述资源下乡背景下农村基层治理主体研究的演变历程,分析“治理规则”的兴起及其与“治理主体”在研究内容、研究视角上的差异,以及不同研究路径的优势与不足。

With the increase of national investment in rural grassroots resources,the academic community has raised doubts about the effectiveness of grassroots governance of resources going to the countryside,and began to investigate who led the grassroots governance of resources going to the countryside from the perspective of rural elites.The discussion on governance subjects has experienced the expansion from rural elites to multi-subjects,forming the"rural elites"mode and"multi-co-governance"mode of governance subject research.In recent years,some scholars have begun to correct the grassroots governance dilemma of rural resources from the perspective of governance rules,showing a"shift from subject to rule",that is,from"who governs"to"how to govern".Based on the policy background of resources to the countryside,the research from the study on the relationship between the state and farmers after the tax reform,elite in rural governance and multiple work research as the basic clue,reviews resources under the background of rural grassroots governance the evolution course of"subject research",and analyzes the rise of"governance rules"and"governance body"of the differences in research content,research perspective,and the advantages and disadvantages of different research paths.