有机杂质对硝酸铵液体热危险性影响的试验研究

Experimental study on the influence of organic impurities on the thermal hazard of ammonium nitrate liquid

针对硝酸铵的热危险特性,在纯硝酸铵热分解试验的基础上开展有机杂质对硝酸铵热危险性影响试验。试验选择在硝酸铵生产工艺以及氮肥制备中经常出现的乙酸、尿素两种有机物作为杂质添加剂,使用OLT420氧化性液体试验仪研究硝酸铵的火灾危险性,使用SDT同步热分析仪研究含有机杂质的硝酸铵热分解特性试验,通过对比纯硝酸铵的对照组试验,得知乙酸能加快硝酸铵热解速率,使自加速分解温度(SADT)值降低,乙酸通过降低硝酸铵热解反应活化能增加其危险性;而尿素会抑制硝酸铵的热分解速率,尿素的抑制能力随着其浓度的上升而提高。最后基于Semenov模型,通过数据推算检验试验结果的有效性。

According to the thermal hazard characteristics of ammonium nitrate,based on the thermal decomposition test of pure ammonium nitrate,the effects of organic impurities on the thermal hazard of ammonium nitrate were tested.Acetic acid and urea,which often appear in the production process of ammonium nitrate and the preparation of nitrogen fertilizer,are selected as impurity additives. The fire hazard of ammonium nitrate is studied by using OLT420 oxidative liquid tester,and the thermal decomposition characteristics of ammonium nitrate containing organic impurities are studied by using SDT synchronous thermal analyzer. By comparing with the control group test of pure ammonium nitrate,it is known that acetic acid can accelerate the pyrolysis rate of ammonium nitrate,reduce the SADT value,and increase its risk by reducing the activation energy of ammonium nitrate pyrolysis reaction. Urea can inhibit the thermal decomposition rate of ammonium nitrate,and the inhibition ability of urea increases with the increase of its concentration.Finally,based on Semenov model,the validity of the test results is verified by data calculation.