元宇宙生态下首次销售原则的现实挑战与制度疏解

The Realistic Challenge and System Solution of the First Sale Doctrine in the Metaverse Ecology

文章指出元宇宙生态下数字化、云计算、区块链、智能化合约以及沉浸式体验,导致复制权与传播权的角色互换、版权与所有权的观念变更以及作品供求从中心化模式向直销化模式转变。产生于实体环境的首次销售原则无法再行发挥协调版权与所有权、激励与接触利益、版权人控制能力与竞争者竞争环境的制度功能。元宇宙生态下,首次销售原则不宜作为一项法定限制规则或默示许可规则加以扩张适用,对使用者接触利益的关切应由动态开放的合理使用制度与智能合约的法律监管加以疏解。

This paper points out that digitalization,cloud computing,block chain,smart contract and immersive experience in the metaverse have led to the role reversal of the right of reproduction and the right of communication,changes in the concept of copyright and ownership,and the transformation from centralized sale of works to diversification license of works.The first sale doctrine generated in the physical environment can no longer play its institutional function of coordinating copyright and ownership,incentive and access interests,as well as control ability of copyright owner and competition environment of competitors.The first sale doctrine should not be extended to the metaverse as a legal restriction rule or implied licensing rule,and concerns about user access interests should be alleviated by the dynamic and open fair use system and the legal supervision of smart contract.