不同灌溉方式下氮磷钾缺施对冬小麦及水肥利用效率影响

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Deficiency on Water and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency of Winter Wheat Under Different Irrigation Methods

为促进冬小麦的高效生产,采用大田试验,研究了滴灌水肥耦合和漫灌条件下5个施肥处理(空白对照(CK);配方无N施肥(PK);配方无P施肥(NK);配方无K施肥(NP);配方施肥(NPK))对冬小麦生长及水肥利用率的影响。结果表明:与NPK配施相比,缺氮、缺磷和缺钾的冬小麦株高和叶绿素含量有所降低,但差异不显著,不施肥处理株高和叶绿素含量显著降低;滴灌下不施肥、缺氮、缺磷和缺钾处理的冬小麦产量较NPK配施分别降低了30.71%、3.75%、16.74%和10.66%,漫灌下不施肥、缺氮、缺磷和缺钾处理冬小麦产量较NPK配施分别降低了35.20%、4.99%、10.28%和8.28%;滴灌条件下,相比于NPK配施,缺氮、缺磷、缺钾和不施肥处理水分利用效率分别降低了7.67%、13.44%、21.54%和36.67%,漫灌条件下缺氮、缺磷、缺钾和不施肥处理水分利用效率较NPK配施分别降低了9.59%、12.02%、12.98%和39.97%;氮、磷、钾肥其中一种的缺施都会降低其他两种肥料的表观利用率和偏生产力。研究结果为提高冬小麦水肥利用效率提供参考。

In order to promote the efficient production of winter wheat,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of five fertilization treatments,including blank control(CK),formula N-free fertilization(PK),formula P-Free fertilization(NK),formula K-free fertilization(NP),and ormula fertilization(NPK),on growth and utilization of water and fertilizer in winter wheat under the conditions of drip irrigation water-fertilizer coupling and flood irrigation.The results showed that compared with NPK combined application,plant height and chlorophyll content of winter wheat without nitrogen,without phosphorus and without potassium decreased,but the difference was not significant.The plant height and chlorophyll content of the non-fertilizer treatment decreased significantly.The yield of winter wheat without fertilizer,without nitrogen,without phosphorus and without potassium under drip irrigation was reduced by 30.71%,3.75%,16.74% and10.66% compared with NPK combined application respectively.The yield of winter wheat with no fertilizer,no nitrogen,no phosphorus and no potassium under flood irrigation was reduced by 35.20%,4.99%,10.28% and 8.28% respectively,compared with NPK application.The water use efficiency were reduced by 7.67%,13.44%,21.54% and 36.67% under drip irrigation without nitrogen,without phosphorus,without potassium and without fertilizer,respectively,and by 9.59%,12.02%,12.98% and 39.97% under flood irrigation without nitrogen,without phosphorus,without potassium and without fertilizer,respectively,compared to NPK.The absence of either nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer would decrease the apparent utilization rate and partial productivity of the other two fertilizers.The results of the study provide a reference for improving the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer of winter wheat.