摘要
Nano-enabled agriculture is a topic of intense research interest.However,our knowledge of how nanoparticles enter plants,plant cells,and organelles is still insufficient.Here,we discuss the barriers that limit the efficient delivery of nanoparticles at the whole-plant and single-cell levels.Some commonly overlooked factors,such as light conditions and surface tension of applied nano-formulations,are discussed.Knowledge gaps regarding plant cell uptake of nanoparticles,such as the effect of electrochemical gradients across organelle membranes on nanoparticle delivery,are analyzed and discussed.The importance of controlling factors such as size,charge,stability,and dispersibility when properly designing nanomaterials for plants is outlined.We mainly focus on understanding how nanoparticles travel across barriers in plants and plant cells and the major factors that limit the efficient delivery of nanoparticles,promoting a better understanding of nanoparticle–plant interactions.We also provide suggestions on the design of nanomaterials for nano-enabled agriculture.
基金
supported by the NSFC(32071971 and 31901464)
project 2662020ZKPY001 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and joint project SZYJY2021008 from Huazhong Agricultural University and the Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(to H.W.).
