黄河流域(济南段)土壤元素地球化学组合特征研究

Geochemical Combination Characteristics of Soil Elements in the Yellow River Basin(Jinan Section)

为查明黄河流域土壤元素地球化学组合特征及重金属元素异常分布区域,采集该流域济南段表层土壤、不同土壤类型样品,以及重金属异常区域水平剖面-垂向剖面土壤样品,测定N、P、Mn、Mo、Zn、As、Cr、Hg、Pb、Ni和V等29项土壤指标,通过元素聚类分析(皮尔逊相关系数法)、因子分析(Bartlett球度检验,KMO检验验证,最大方差旋转)和重金属元素异常区域立体化分析进行评价。研究表明:受人类活动影响较明显的元素有第一簇群元素(Pb、Zn、Cu、Mo、Cr、V、Co)及Hg元素,第一族群元素在街道中心区域各元素含量普遍较高;As、F等元素受人为影响较小,与河流分布有一定的关系。另外,不同土壤类型中各元素丰缺情况有一定差异性。重金属元素异常区分布相对分散,较为集中的两个异常区域是大桥街道东北部和太平街道与孙耿街道交界处。在调查区东西方向上,各重金属峰值分布有明显差异性,纵向剖面元素分布情况各异。黄河流域(济南段)大部分地区元素含量受背景值控制,小部分区域(面积<0.3%)存在轻度的人为重金属污染,整体土壤环境较好,适合发展农业。

In order to determine the geochemical combination characteristics of soil elements and the abnormal distribution area of heavy metal elements in the Yellow River Basin,this work collected the surface soil,samples of different soil types and soil samples of horizontal-vertical profiles in the abnormal area of heavy metals from the Jinan section,and determined 29 soil indexes such as N,P,Mn,Mo,Zn,As,Cr,Hg,Pb,Ni and V.The element cluster analysis(Pearson correlation coefficient method),factor analysis(Bartlett sphericity test,KMO test,maximum variance rotation)and three-dimensional analysis of abnormal areas of heavy metals were used for evaluation.The results show that the elements affected by human activities are first cluster(Pb,Zn,Cu,Mo,Cr,V,Co)and Hg,and the element content of first cluster is generally higher in the street center area.As,F and other elements are less affected by human activities and have a certain relationship with river distribution.In addition,there are some differences in the abundance and deficiency of various elements in different soil types.The distribution of abnormal heavy metal elements is relatively scattered,and the two more concentrated abnormal areas are northeast of Daqiao Street and the junction of Taiping street and Sungeng Street.In the east-west direction of the survey area,the distribution of peak values of each heavy metal is obviously different,and the distribution of elements in the longitudinal profile is different.The content of elements in most areas of the Yellow River Basin(Jinan section)is controlled by background values,and a small part(area<0.3%)is slightly polluted by human heavy metals.The overall soil environment is good and suitable for the development of agriculture.