四川省国家重点保护野生鸟类的空间分布格局

Spatial Distribution Pattern of Birds in the List of Wild Animals Under State Priority Conservation in Sichuan Province

我国2021年最新颁布的《国家重点保护野生动物名录》中保护物种新增较多且部分物种的保护级别发生变动,及时掌握区域内国家重点保护鸟类的物种丰富度及空间分布,有利于开展珍稀濒危鸟类的保护管理与有效监测。本文基于野外调查、网站、文献著作和馆藏标本等数据,对四川省国家重点保护野生鸟类的分布进行了系统梳理,并分析了其空间分布格局。结果表明:四川省现有国家重点保护鸟类189种,占全国国家重点保护野生鸟类种类的47.9%,新增75种,其中国家一级重点保护野生鸟类37种,国家二级重点保护野生鸟类152种;以留鸟和冬候鸟为主,分别占四川省国家重点保护鸟类物种的56%和19%;在21个市州行政单元中,以阿坝藏族羌族自治州(132种)和成都市(132种)的国家重点保护野生鸟类种类最多;在县(市区)级行政单元中,以平武县(99种)、汶川县(94种)的国家重点保护野生鸟类种类最多;四川省国家重点保护野生鸟类的空间分布呈中西部区域高、东部区域低的格局,尤以若尔盖湿地-岷山、邛崃山、大雪山一线最丰富。建议加强鸟类的调查与监测,充分发挥观鸟团体的作用,提高保护管理人员的保护能力,以提升鸟类保护成效。

The latest China’s list of wild animals under state priority conservation(WASPC)released in c included a certain number of bird species for the first time and the protection categories of some species were adjusted. A timely determination of regional species richness and spatial distribution of WASPC birds would therefore help making conservation management and monitoring more efficiently. Based on the bird data of Sichuan Province from field surveys,websites,literatures and specimens,our research systematically collated the distribution of WASPC birds,and analyzed their spatial distribution patterns in Sichuan Province. As a result,a total of 189 bird species(accounting for 47. 9% of the total number of state key protected birds in China)were identified,of which 75 were newly added,while 37 are class Ⅰ nationally key protected species and 152 are class Ⅱ. Resident birds(56%)and winter migrants(19%)are the dominant species. Aba Tibetan and Zhuang Autonomous Prefecture and Chengdu City(both 132 species)had the most abundant WASPC bird species among the 21 cities and autonomous prefectures of Sichuan. In the areas with lower administrative district,Pingwu County(99 species)and Wenchuan County(94 species)had the most abundant WASPC bird species among all the counties(including county-level cities)and city districts. The distribution hotspots of these birds are along the Zoige Wetland and the mountain chain of Minshan Mountains-Qionglai Mountains-Daxue Mountains,showing a pattern of high species richness in central and western regions,and low in eastern regions. To achieve effective conservation of wild birds,we highly recommend that the integrated bird survey and monitoring should be further developed,more active role of civil birdwatching groups should be assigned,and the capacity building of conservation personnel should be strengthened.