中阿猪肉协议:进展,动力与障碍

China-Argentina Pork Agreement:Progress,Drivers and Obstacles

2018年中国出现的非洲猪瘟使得中国对进口猪肉的需求大增,但中国传统的猪肉进口国已经难以满足需求。阿根廷作为中国最主要的农产品进口来源国之一,长期以来与中国保持着良好的经贸合作关系,致力于扩大本国农产品在中国的市场份额、吸引中国投资,以进一步拉动长期衰退的经济。在这一背景下,阿根廷与中国签署猪肉出口协议,向中国出口猪肉并允许中国在当地投资建设猪肉生产加工厂,对中阿两国具有潜在的互惠性。对中国而言,这一协议将有利于获得优质进口猪肉、扩大进口来源、保障粮食安全;对阿根廷而言,这一协议有利于促进就业、丰富农产品出口结构、推动养猪技术革新、提高本国的贸易竞争力。然而,尽管两国早在2018年就开始商讨该协议,但直到2020年底,该协议仍未被签署。致使协议签署一再延期的原因主要有四点:一是阿根廷民众对猪肉生产规模扩大导致的环境污染问题深感忧虑;二是阿根廷政府在协议相关事务上的低透明度引起了当地民众的不满;三是有相关组织机构担心该协议会影响阿根廷的经济安全;四是他国行为体通过民间社会组织可能造成的不利影响。在与拉美国家进行经济合作时,中方应尊重对方对社会和环境的高要求,在实际投资前广泛征求各方意见,同时也应主动对中拉合作前景进行积极宣传和引导。

The emergence of African swine fever in China in 2018 has greatly increased China's demand for imported pork,but China's traditional pork importing countries have been unable to meet the demand.Argentina,as one of the most important sources of agricultural products imported by China,has maintained a good economic and trade cooperation relationship with China for a long time,and is committed to expanding the market share of its agricultural products in China and attracting Chinese investment to further stimulate the long-term recession economy.In this context,Argentina signed a pork export agreement with China to export pork to China and allow China to invest in the construction of pork production and processing plants,which has potential reciprocity for China and Argentina.For China,this agreement will help to obtain high-quality imported pork,expand import sources and ensure food security;For Argentina,this agreement is conducive to promoting employment,enriching the export structure of agricultural products,promoting technological innovation in pig breeding,and improving its trade competitiveness.There are four main reasons for the repeated postponement of the signing of the agreement:First,the Argentine people are deeply worried about the environmental pollution caused by the expansion of pork production;Second,the low transparency of the Argentine government in matters related to the agreement has caused dissatisfaction among the local people;Third,relevant organizations worry that the agreement will affect Argentina's economic security;Fourth,the possible adverse effects of actors in other countries through civil society organizations.When conducting economic cooperation with Latin American countries,China should respect each other's high requirements for society and the environment,solicit opinions from all parties before actual investment,and actively publicize and guide the prospects of China-Latin America cooperation.