“除”类词语义图及其语义演变的规律性

The Semantic Maps of Multifunctional Morphemes chu and its Regularity of Semantic Change

古今汉语中的多功能语素“除”有动、介、连三类用法,清除、排除、限定、加合、必要条件等9种语义,基于其构建的“排除”范畴概念空间及“除”类词语义图表明其语义演变有较强的规律性,具体表现为演变路径的“非任意、有理据、模式化”特征。“除”类词语义演变的机制包括“特化”“隐喻”“转喻”“回溯推理”“语境义吸纳”“等值义凸显化”等,“排除”义及其隐含语义框架“论域=排除项+剩余项”是其他多种后起语义的共同来源与语义基础。

Multifunctional morphemes chu in Chinese can be used as verbs,prepositions or conjunctions and has 9 meanings,such as eliminate,except,restrict,additive,necessary condition and etc.The conceptual space and semantic maps based on it show the regularity of the semantic change of it with a non-random,motivated and patterned evolving path.The mechanism of its’semantic change are specialization,metaphor,metonymy,abduction,absorption of contextual meaning,and prominent of equivalent meaning.[+Exceptive]and the semantic frame“domain=EP-complement+EP-associate”implied in it is the common source and base of the several other meanings of it.