粤港澳大湾区典型农村饮用水水源地保护区划定调整研究——以广州市从化农村饮用水水源地保护区划定为例

Study on Delimitation and Adjustment of Typical Rural Drinking Water Source Protection Zones in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Great Bay Area——Taking the Designation of Drinking Water Source Protection Zones in Conghua Rural Zones of Guangzhou City as an

农村饮水安全事关亿万农村居民身体健康,关系社会大局稳定,但农村水源地保护是水污染防治工作的薄弱环节。科学合理进行饮用水水源保护区划定与调整是防治饮用水水源污染、降低饮用水污染治理成本、协调水源地保护与当地经济发展关系的重要前提。以粤港澳大湾区典型农村为例,在重点结合当地水源地水质、环境状况进行详细调查分析的基础上,结合当地生态红线、环境管理和社会经济要求,选择合理的筛选划分方法,确定了保护区的范围和边界坐标。具体的划定调整思路与策略如下:①充分了解污染源的分布情况,提升农村水源地保护区划分的科学合理性;②按照河流型保护区划定原则,采用类比经验法,确定一级、二级保护区的水域和陆域范围;③完成广州市从化农村饮用水水源地保护区划定后,还需要进行水源地水质安全保护措施强化,以期为粤港澳大湾区饮用水水资源的可持续健康发展提供保障。

The safety of rural drinking water is related to the health of hundreds of millions of rural residents and the overall social stability.The protection of rural water sources is the weak link in the prevention and control of water pollution.Scientific and reasonable demarcation and adjustment of drinking water source protection areas is an important prerequisite for preventing and controlling drinking water source pollution,reducing the cost of drinking water pollution treatment,and coordinating the relationship between water source protection and local economic development.This study takes the typical rural areas in Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Bay Area as an example.Based on the detailed investigation and analysis of the water quality and environmental conditions of the local water source,and in combination with the local ecological red line,environmental management and social and economic requirements,a reasonable screening and division method is selected to determine the scope and boundary coordinates of the protection area.The specific ideas and strategies for delimitation and adjustment are as follows:①the distribution of pollution sources should be fully understood to improve the scientific rationality of the division of rural water source protection areas;②According to the delineation principle of river type protection areas,the water area and land area of the first and second level protection areas are determined by analogy and experience method;③After the establishment of Guangzhou Conghua rural drinking water source protection zone,it is also necessary to strengthen the water quality safety protection measures of the water source,so as to provide guarantee for the sustainable and healthy development of drinking water resources in Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Bay area.