20份红豆草种质资源农艺与品质性状综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Traits of 20 Onobrychis viciifolia Germplasm Resources

以20份红豆草(Onobrychis viciifolia)种质资源为材料,进行了20个农艺和品质性状的多样性、变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析,并利用灰色关联度分析法进行了综合评价。结果表明,20个性状的变异系数范围为5.75%~73.78%,分枝数变异系数最大,单宁含量变异系数最小;除叶宽外,其余各性状的Shannon’s指数均大于1.50。品质性状中粗蛋白、相对饲喂价值与农艺性状小花长、花萼长、旗瓣宽、叶长之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),改良这4个性状可提高饲草蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值。前8个主成分的累计贡献率达到72.673%,第1主成分为花型因子,第2主成分为质量因子,第3主成分为纤维因子。通过聚类分析得到4个类群,其中第Ⅱ类群可作为选育矮杆、高蛋白材料的优良亲本以及花大且数量多的基因型材料;第Ⅳ类群质可作为选育高杆、相对饲喂价值高的优良亲本材料。通过灰色关联度分析得到等权关联度排序,其中S6关联度最大,表明该种质与最优指标集的相似程度高;S12关联度最小,表明该种质与最优指标集的差异大。

In this study,20 Onobrychis viciifolia germplasm resources were used as materials,and the diversity identification of their agronomic and quality traits was carried out,and variance analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed,and then a comprehensive evaluation was conducted using gray correlation analysis,hoping the study can provide a theoretical basis for the selection and promotion and cultivation and utilization of Onobrychis viciifolia.The results showed that the variation coefficient of 20 traits ranged from 5.75%to 73.78%,with the largest variation coefficient for branch number and the smallest variation coefficient for tannin content.The Shannon’s indexes of all traits except leaf width were greater than 1.50.Among the quality traits,crude protein and relative feeding value were significantly positively correlated with the agronomic traits such as floret length,calyx length,flag petal width and leaf length(P<0.05).Improving these four traits could increase protein content and relative feeding value of forage.The cumulative contribution rate of the first eight principal components was 72.673%.The first principal component was flower type factor,the second was quality factor,and the third was fiber factor.Four clusters were obtained by cluster analysis,among which clusterⅡcould be used as excellent parents for selection of short-stemmed and high-protein materials as well as gen-otypic materials with large and abundant flowers.ClusterⅣquality could be used as excellent parental materials for selection of tall-stemmed and high relative feeding value.The equal-weighted correlation ranking was obtained by gray correlation analysis,in which S6 correlation was the largest,indicating that the germplasm had high similarity with the optimal index set.S12 correlation was the smallest,indicating that the germplasm had large difference with the optimal index set.