有机物添加对伊犁河谷灰钙土蓄水性能的影响

Effects of Organic Matter Addition on Water Storage Performance of Lime-calcium Soil in Ili Valley

为研究不同有机物添加下土壤水分动态及其对降雨的响应,于2020年5月至9月,在伊宁市荒山北坡灰钙土样地上,设置5个1 m×1 m小区,设计对照、深松、添加干羊粪、凋落物、纸屑共5个处理。用TDR、Watch dog水分传感系统监测0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~40 cm土层水分动态,分析了5种措施的保水效果及对降雨的响应规律。结果表明,降雨可显著提高干羊粪和深松处理0~40 cm土壤水分。小时和日尺度下,深松与干羊粪处理土壤水分变化对降雨响应更敏感。与对照相比,各处理监测期内0~40 cm土层储水量增幅分别为深松23.2%~67.2%、干羊粪38.9%~87.9%、凋落物23.3%~80.8%、纸屑29.1%~84.0%。不同土层土壤水分含量的影响表现为20~40 cm>10~20 cm>0~10 cm(P<0.05)。总体上,深松与添加干羊粪处理土壤储水增量及水分滞留时间与降雨量相关关系显著(P<0.05)。有机物添加后,20~40 cm土壤储水增量和水分滞留时间对降雨响应更为敏感。整个监测期除对照外,4种措施对土壤蓄水能力具有明显的提高作用,各措施中添加干羊粪处理保水效果最好。深松土壤和施入畜粪是适合伊犁河谷丘陵区土壤水库扩蓄增容的有效手段。

To study the soil moisture dynamics and its response to rainfall under different organic matter additions in the hope of providing a theoretical and technical support for soil reservoir expansion and vegetation restoration.From May to September 2020,five 1 m×1 m plots were set up on the lime-calcicium soil sample on the northern slope of barren hills in Yining City,and the plots were designed as control,deep loosening,adding dry sheep manure,litter,and paper scraps.TDR and Watch dog moisture sensing systems were used to monitor the moisture dynamics of 0-10 cm,10-20 cm,and 20-40 cm soil layers,and the water retention effects of the five measures and the responses to rainfall were analyzed.The results showed that rainfall could significantly increase the soil moisture at 0-40 cm of the treatments of dry sheep manure and deep loosening.At hourly and daily scales,soil moisture dynamics of deep loosening and dry sheep manure treatments were more sensitive to rainfall.Compared with the control,the increase of water storage in the 0-40 cm soil layer during the monitoring period of each treatment was 23.2%-67.2%for deep loosening,38.9%-87.9%for dry sheep manure,23.3%-80.8%for litter,and 29.1%-84.0%for paper scraps,respectively.The water storage at different soil layers was 20-40 cm>10-20 cm>0-10 cm(P<0.05).In general,the soil water storage increment and water retention time of deep loos-ening and dry sheep manure treatment had significant correlations with rainfall(P<0.05).After the addi-tion of organic matter,the 20-40 cm soil water storage increment and water retention time were more sen-sitive to rainfall response.In addition to the control during the entire monitoring period,the four measures can significantly improve the water storage capacity of the soil.Among the measures,dry sheep manure treatment has the best water retention effect.Animal manure application and deep loosening measures were effective methods suitable for the expansion of soil reservoirs capacity in the hilly area of the Ili River Valley.