伊犁河谷坡面塑料布集雨及草地补灌效果

Rainwater Harvesting Using Plastic Cover and the Effect of Grassland Supplemental Irrigation on Slope Surface in Ili Valley

集雨技术作为缓解区域水资源短缺的重要措施被广泛应用于干旱半干旱区。为了解集雨技术在伊犁河谷坡面的应用效果,设置了3个集雨面分别为10 m^(2)塑料布(PC)、10 m^(2)塑料布+300 m^(2)坡面(PCS1)和10 m^(2)塑料布+500 m^(2)坡面(PCS2)的集雨系统及2种措施(打孔、补灌),研究塑料布与坡面的集雨特征及草地补灌效果。结果表明,2020年4月到9月PC、PCS1和PCS2集雨系统集雨总量和平均集雨效率分别是0.60、1.12、1.58 m^(3)及68.9%、52.9%、61.8%;坡面的产流阈值在6.4~10.2 mm,总集雨效率在2.1%左右,产流集雨效率在7.4%~8.4%;随降雨量增加塑料布集雨量呈线性函数形式增加,坡面集雨量呈3次函数形式增加,降雨量主要影响集雨系统的集雨量,对集雨效率影响不大;坡面径流对集雨量贡献很大,使总集雨量提高了87.0%;打孔补灌处理相比对照,其植被的株高、生物量和含水量有显著提升(P<0.05)。可在伊犁河谷有实施集雨技术条件的坡面进行植被的集雨补灌,用以提高雨水利用率,促进植被生长。

Rainwater harvesting technology as an important measure to alleviate regional water shortage is widely used in arid and semi-arid areas.This project aims to understand and study the application effect of rainwater harvesting technology on the slope surface of Ili Valley by setting three rainwater harvesting systems:10 m^(2)plastic cloth(PC),10 m^(2)plastic cloth+300 m^(2)slope plastic cloth(PCS1)and 10 m^(2)plastic cloth+500 m^(2)slope plastic cloth(PCS2)and two measures.The results showed,from April to September in 2020,the total rainwater harvesting amount and average efficiency of PC,PCS1 and PCS2 rainwater harvesting systems were 0.6 m^(3),1.12 m^(3)and 1.58 m^(3),and 68.9%,52.9%and 61.8%,respectively.The runoff threshold of slope was 6.4-10.2 mm,the total rainwater harvesting efficiency was about 2.1%,slope surface runoff was 7.4%-8.4%of runoff rainfall.With the increase of rainfall,the rainwater harvesting amount of plastic cloth increased in the form of linear function,the rainwater harvesting amount on the slope surface increased in the form of cubic function.The rainfall mainly affected the rainwater harvesting amount of the rainwater harvesting system,and had little effect on the efficiency.Slope surface runoff increased total rainwater harvesting amount by 87.0%.Compared with the control,the plant height,bio-mass and water content of the hole supplementary irrigation treatment were significantly increased(P<0.05).So it can be concluded that rainwater harvesting and supplementary irrigation in Ili valley can pro-mote the utilization rate of rainwater and boost vegetation growth.