反倾销抑制了出口企业创新吗?--基于对外投资和出口网络视角的研究

Does Anti-Dumping Restraint Exporters'Innovation?Research Based on the Perspective of Outward Investment and Export Network

中国是世界遭遇反倾销调查等非关税壁垒最多的国家,频繁的贸易摩擦对企业创新产生了复杂的影响。本文基于企业贸易和投资视角阐释两者的影响机制,揭示了现有反倾销措施对企业创新相关研究仍存争议的原因。利用2000—2013年的《中国海关数据库》《中国工业企业数据库》《中国专利数据库》《全球反倾销数据库》的微观数据,实证检验了反倾销对出口企业创新绩效的影响。研究发现,企业遭遇反倾销贸易措施促进了企业创新绩效的提升而不是抑制,这种提升主要是由在位企业创造的。进一步的研究表明,对外投资广度、对外投资深度及出口广度是反倾销影响企业创新的重要机制。异质性分析表明,反倾销显著促进了非国有企业、高生产率企业和多产品出口企业的创新,不同行业的结果也存在差异。在替换变量及删除特殊样本等稳健性检验后回归结果仍然显著。文章立足于反倾销对企业资源依赖的影响,为企业在出口过程中如何“化被动为主动”提供了相应的对策建议。

China is the country that encounters the most non-tariff barriers in the world,such as anti-dumping investigations,and frequent trade frictions have a complex impact on firm innovation.This paper elucidates the impact mechanisms of both based on corporate trade and investment perspectives,and reveals the reasons why existing studies related to AD measures on enterprise innovation remain controversial.Using micro data from the China Customs Database,China Industrial Enterprise Database,China Patent Database,and Global Anti-Dumping Database from 2000—2013,the impact of anti-dumping on innovation performance of exporting firms is examined empirically.It is found that firms'ex-posure to anti-dumping trade measures promotes rather than inhibits firms'innovation performance,and this enhancement is mainly created by incumbent firms.Further research shows that the breadth of foreign investment,the depth of foreign investment,and the breadth of exports are important mechanisms through which AD affect enterprise innovation.Heterogeneity analysis shows that AD significantly boosts innovation in non-state owned firms,high productivity firms,and multi-product exporters,and the results vary across industries.The regression results remain significant after replacing the variables as well as removing the special sample and other robustness tests.Based on the impact of anti-dumping on enterprises'resource dependence,the article provides suggestions on how to"turn passivity into initiative"in the process of exporting.