不同空间配置对豆科绿肥间作体系光截获与生长效率的影响

Effects of Different Spatial Configurations on Light Interception and Growth Efficiency of Leguminous Green Manure Intercropping

为探求作物与豆科绿肥间作对不同空间配置下光截获能力及植物生长效率的响应,本试验采用玉米(Zea mays L.)与豆科绿肥〔花生(Arachis hypogaea)、鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum)〕间作和油菜(Brassica napus L.)与豆科绿肥〔花生、鹰嘴豆〕混作,以此建立田间试验,为提高作物生长效率提供理论依据。结果表明,在玉米间作方式中,窄行距为70 cm处理下玉米叶片LAI、Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、TRo/CSo值和生物量较窄行距为30、50 cm及玉米单作显著增加(P<0.05)。油菜混作方式各处理下生物量无显著差异(P>0.05)。油菜与花生1∶1异行混作处理中层光截获率和生物量值最大,油菜与花生同行混作处理油菜叶片Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、TRo/CSo值较油菜与花生1∶1异行混作处理及油菜与花生2∶2异行混作处理高,而油菜与花生1∶1异行混作处理次之。油菜与鹰嘴豆同行混作处理光截获率最高,油菜与鹰嘴豆1∶1异行混作处理次之。油菜与鹰嘴豆1∶1异行混作处理和油菜与鹰嘴豆2∶2异行混作处理油菜叶片Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo值显著高于油菜与鹰嘴豆同行混作处理(P<0.05)。间混作能够有效促进绿肥间作作物的生长发育,从而提高作物产量。

This research aims to explore the effects of different intercrop spatial configurations on light interception ability and plant growth efficiency in maize and oilseed rape with leguminous green manure in order to screen out the most reasonable green manure system and planting pattern.This experiment used maize(Zea mays L.)and legume green fertilizer〔peanut(Arachis hypogaea)and chickpea(Cicer arietinum)〕intercropping.In the meantime,oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)and legume green fertilizer(peanut and chickpea)mixed cropping to establish different patternsin the hope of providinga theoretical basis for improving crop growth efficiency.The results showed that:In themaize intercropping mode,the maize of leaf area index,Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,TRo/CSo values and biomass of maize leaves under the narrow row spacing of 70 cm were significantly increased compared with those under the narrow row spacing of 30 cm,50 cm and maize monoculture(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in biomass among different pattern(P>0.05).The light interception ability and biomass value of the middle layers were the highest in the 1∶1 lines of different planting treatment of rapeseed and peanut.The Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,TRo/CSo value of rapeseed and peanut in the same row treatment were higher than those in the treatment of 1∶1 and 2∶2 lines of different planting of rapeseed and peanut,while the 1∶1 treatment of rapeseed and peanut was the second.The light interception ability was the highest in the same row treatment of rape and chickpea,and the second was the 1∶1 treatment of rapeseed and chickpea.The Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo value of rapeseed and chickpea in the same row treatment were lower than those of 1∶1 and 2∶2 lines of different planting treatment(P<0.05).Therefore,a comprehensive comparison of different planting methods found that intercropping can effectively promote the growth and development of green manure intercropping crops,thereby increasing crop yield.