南京地区乡村公共空间植物群落特征研究

Characteristics of Plant Community in Rural Public Space in Nanjing

以南京地区20个美丽乡村的107个公共空间为调查对象,分析乡村公共空间植物群落的物种构成、植物多样性和垂直结构特征,并对不同类型乡村和不同类型公共空间的植物群落特征进行比较。结果表明,南京地区乡村公共空间调查共记录植物111科259属344种,植物群落丰富度和乡土性较高,以“乔+灌+草”模式为主。从乡村类型来看,休闲旅游型乡村植物群落的丰富度最高,但乡土性最低,乔木、灌木层的多样性、均匀度较高;而自然生态型乡村植物群落乡土性最高,草本层的多样性和均匀度也最高。从公共空间类型来看,点状和面状公共空间植物群落的丰富度以及乔木、灌木层的多样性比较接近且明显高于线状。此外,不同类型乡村和不同类型公共空间优势乔、灌、草的差异较小。不同类型乡村和不同类型公共空间的植物群落特征存在差异,植物景观也各有不同,应在了解植物景观特点和功能需求的基础之上,进一步提出针对性的植物群落配置模式和植物景观优化策略。

This research took 107 public spaces in 20 beautiful villages in Nanjing as the survey objects,analyzed the species composition,plant diversity and vertical structure characteristics of the plant communities in the rural public space.The characteristics of the plant communities in different types of villages and different types of public spaces were compared.The results of the survey obviously showed the following conclusions:firstly,a total of 344 species of plants belonging to 259 genera and 111 families were recorded in the survey,and the richness and localism of plant communities in Nanjing public spaces were relatively high,in which the pattern of"arbor-shrub-grass"was the main type.Secondly,from the perspective of different types of villages,the richness of the plant communities in the leisure tourism type of villages was the highest while it's localism was the lowest,and the diversity and evenness index in the arbor and shrub layer were also high.While in the natural ecological type of villages,it's localism and the diversity and evenness index of grass composition were the highest.Thirdly,from the perspective of different types of public spaces,the richness of plant communities and the diversity of arbor and shrub in point-shaped and planar-shaped public spaces were relatively close to and significantly higher than those of linear-shaped ones.In addition,the dominant species in arbor,shrub,grass of different types of villages and public spaces were to a great extent similar.There were differences in the characteristics of plant communities in different types of villages and public spaces.Plantscapes were also different.On the basis of understanding the characteristics and functional requirements of plantscape,landscape designers should further put forward specific plant community allocation patterns and optimization strategies of plantscape.