城市滨水空间冬季小气候效应研究——以昆明市捞鱼河为例

A Study on Winter Microclimate Effect of Urban Waterfront Space——A Case of the Laoyu River in Kunming

以昆明市捞鱼河(昆工段)为研究对象,在实地调研的基础上,随机选取13个典型样地及1个对照点,按照全遮阴、半遮阴、无遮阴3种类型,观测不同空间冬季微气候的日动态变化特征,采用舒适指数来评价不同要素对人体热舒适度的影响,并利用SPSS statistics 22分析各景观设计要素、小气候因子与人体舒适度的相关性。结果表明,1)光照强度是影响户外小气候环境的直接因素,3种遮阴类型中,无遮阴空间小气候效应与全遮阴、半遮阴空间差异显著;全遮阴与半遮阴空间的差异主要表现在相对湿度上。2)在冬季,人体舒适度与天空可视因子(SVF)、空气温度和光照强度和呈显著正相关,与相对湿度、降温率、增湿率呈显著负相关,与样点与水体的距离无明显相关关系,无遮阴空间舒适度最高。基于以上研究结果提出景观优化建议,以期为昆明市“美丽河道”的建设提供参考依据。

Taking the Laoyu River(Section of the Campus of Kunming University of Science and Technology)in Kunming City as the research object,based on field investigation,13 typical plots and 1 control point were randomly selected.According to the three types of full shading,half shading,and no shading,the daily dynamic change characteristics of the winter microclimate in different spaces were observed.The comfort index was used to evaluate the impacts of different elements on the thermal comfort of the human body.SPSS statistics 22 was adopted to analyze the correlation between various landscape design elements,microclimate factors and human comfort.The results showed that 1)light intensity was a direct factor that affected the outdoor microclimate environment.Among the three types of shading,the microclimate effect of no shading space was significantly different from those of full shading and half-shading spaces.The difference between full shading and half-shading spaces was mainly manifested in relative humidity.2)In winter,human comfort was significantly and positively correlated with sky view factor(SVF),air temperature and light intensity,and negatively correlated with relative humidity,cooling rate,and humidification rate,and had no significant correlation with the distance between the sample point and the water body.The shading space had the highest degree of comfort.Based on the above research results,suggestions for landscape optimization were put forward to provide a reference for the implementation of the project"Beautifying Rivers in Kunming".