基于MSPA和MCR模型的曲靖中心城市生态网络优化研究

Optimization Study of Qujing Central City Ecological Network Based on MSPA and MCR Models

随着城市化进程的加快,生境破碎化问题日益突出,大型生境被行政区划等人为因素分割,而生态网络格局的构建是协调城市区域发展与自然资源保护的有效手段,因此构建符合区域实际情况的生态安全格局具有重要意义。以曲靖功能核心城市麒麟区、沾益区、马龙区为研究对象,基于MSPA和MCR模型对研究区生态网络进行构建和优化。结果表明,1)核心区景观“麒沾马”三区分布相对均匀,核心区景观面积185525.19 hm^(2),占整体生态景观总面积的74.06%;2)景观连通性选取的20个重要生态源地,面积共95049.63 hm^(2),沾益区分布最多,麒麟区次之,马龙区分布最少。斑块连接性重要程度(dPC值)与其面积相关性不显著;3)重力模型构建20个重要生态源地间的相互作用矩阵,提取相互作用力最大的16条重要廊道。其中斑块18~19的相互作用最强,斑块8~10的相互作用较弱;4)通过对生态廊道的提取,构建“一区、三核、七片、六廊、多点”的生态网络空间结构,以期构筑山湖相拥、林水相依的高原山地城市的生态网络格局。研究结果可为类似区域空间尺度的生态空间网络规划和生态修复及保护提供科学指导。

With the speeding up of urbanization,the problem of habitat fragmentation has become increasingly prominent.Large habitat patches are divided by administrative barriers and other human factors.Construction of ecological pattern of network is an efficient way to coordinate the development of urban areas and the protection of natural resources.Therefore,the building in conformity with the practical situation of regional ecological security pattern is of great significance.In this study,the functional core cities of Qujing-Qilin District,Zhanyi District and Malong District(referred as Qi-Zhan-Ma areas)were taken as the research objects.Based on MSPA and MCR model,the ecological network in the study area was constructed and optimized.The results showed that 1)the three areas of Qi-Zhan-Ma in the core area were relatively evenly distributed.The landscape area of the core area was 185525.19 hm^(2),accounting for 74.06%of the total ecological landscape area.2)Twenty important ecological sources areas were selected based on landscape connectivity,with a total area of 95049.63 hm^(2),of which the Zhanyi District had the largest share,followed by Qilin and Malong District.There was no significant correlation between importance of patch connectivity(dPC value)and patch area.3)Based on gravity model 16 important corridors with the largest interaction forces were extracted from an interaction matrix of 20 important ecological sources.The interaction between patch 18-19 was the strongest,while the interaction between patch 8-10 was weak.4)Through the extraction of ecological corridors,the ecological network spatial structure of"one area,three cores,seven pieces,six corridors and multiple points"was constructed,in order to build the ecological network pattern of plateau mountain city with"mountains and lakes embracing,forest and water interdependent".The results can provide scientific guidance for ecological spatial network planning and ecological restoration and protection at similar regional spatial scale.