福斯特“环境无产阶级”理论探析

Research on Foster's Theory of“Environmental Proletariat”

福斯特认为“环境无产阶级”作为“广泛的,反对生态退化和社会剥削的劳动者的统一联盟”,是马克思经典工业无产阶级的当代新变化。对环境问题的阶级分析、灾难资本主义的崛起、环境无产阶级本身力量逐步壮大等因素构成了福斯特“环境无产阶级”理论的出场逻辑。环境无产阶级的特点是:在环境与生态上“一无所有”、被资本借助环境而不仅是借雇佣劳动关系剥削、经济政治地位与生态环境紧密结合。环境无产阶级可以通过坚持科学理论指导、重夺生态霸权和走人民运动路线等途径,实现重塑生态裂缝和领导生态革命的历史使命。福斯特“环境无产阶级”理论在确证马克思主义的当代理论解释力、批判当代资本主义、论证社会主义道义崇高性等方面存在一定价值,但也具有一定局限。

Foster believes that“environmental proletariat”is a new contemporary change of Marx's classic proletariat.The class analysis of environmental problems,the rise of Disaster Capitalism and the gradual growth of the power of the environmental proletariat constitute the appearance logic of Forster's“environmental proletariat”theory.Foster pointed out that the characteristics of the environmental proletariat are“nothing”in the environment and ecology;being exploited by capital with the help of the environment rather than through employment and labor relations;the close combination of economic and political status and ecological environment.Foster pointed out that the environmental proletariat can realize the historical mission of reshaping ecological cracks and leading ecological revolution by adhering to the guidance of scientific theory,regaining ecological hegemony and taking the line of people's movement.Forster's“environmental proletariat”theory has certain value in confirming the explanatory power of Marxism's contemporary theory,criticizing contemporary capitalism and demonstrating the moral sublimity of socialism,but it also has certain limitations.