中医药介导Wnt/β-catenin信号通路防治骨质疏松的研究进展

Research progress of TCM mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP)的发生多由骨吸收大于骨形成导致骨稳态失衡所引起,随着人口老龄化的到来,已逐渐发展成为困扰50岁以上人群的常见慢性代谢性骨病。Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在骨骼相关细胞增殖、分化中发挥着重要作用,通过激活其核心蛋白β-catenin,上调骨形态发生蛋白-2、骨保护素及下调核因子κB受体活化因子配体的表达,进而促进间充质干细胞成骨分化和抑制破骨细胞活性,达到促进骨形成和抑制骨吸收的目的,在骨骼靶向重建及骨稳态中发挥着重要作用。中医药可通过激活Wnt/β-catenin通路影响相关因子表达防治OP,但其分子机制研究尚未完全阐明。笔者旨在探讨Wnt/β-catenin通路在OP发病中的分子机制及综述中医药介导Wnt/β-catenin信号通路防治OP的研究成果,为中医药防治OP提供依据和新思路。

The occurrence of osteoporosis is mainly caused by the imbalance of bone homeostasis caused by bone absorption more than bone formation. With the acceleration of population aging, osteoporosis has gradually developed into a common chronic metabolic bone disease afflicting people over 50 years old. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of bone-related cells. By activating the core protein β-catenin, Wnt/β-catenin up-regulates the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteoprotegerin and down-regulates the expression of nuclear factor κB receptor activator ligand, thus promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and inhibiting osteoclast activity. In order to promote bone formation and to inhibit bone resorption, it plays an important role in bone targeted reconstruction and bone homeostasis. Traditional Chinese medicine prevents and treats OP by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to affect the expression of related factors, but the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This paper aims to explore the molecular mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the pathogenesis of OP and reviews the research result of TCM mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the prevention and treatment of OP, providing basis and new ideas for TCM prevention and treatment of OP.