《判断力批判》中“共通感”概念考察

On the Concept of Sensus Communis in Critique of Judgment

康德在《判断力批判》中对“共通感”做了三种描述,不仅未阐明共通感的概念,还把它推向了不可知的边缘。关于判断力的无规则性和纯粹数学命题的先验综合性质的分析,既揭示出共通感产生于判断力的运作,又阐明其既主观且普遍的性质。共通感反映了康德第三批判体系先行的架构,是构成鉴赏判断必然普遍性的重要部分,但由于第四契机未能论证单称判断的必然性,所以它不能有效保证鉴赏判断的必然性。

In his book Critique of Judgment,Kant made three kinds of descriptions of sensus communis,which,however,not only failed to clarify the concept,but also pushed it to the edge of unknowable.The analysis of the irregularity of judgment and the transcendental synthetic nature of pure mathematical propositions not only reveals that the sensus communis originates from the operation of judgment,but also clarifies its subjective and universal nature.Sensus communis reflects the antecedent framework of the Third Critique’s system,which is an important part of the necessary universality of a judgment.However,since the Fourth Moment fails to demonstrate the necessity of singular judgments,it is not an effective guarantee for the modal necessity of judgments of taste.