养育知识与养育行为、儿童发展——对亲职教育研究的启示

Parenting Knowledge,Parenting Behavior and Children’s Development:Enlightenment on the Research of Parental Education

养育知识是父母拥有的、与养育活动有关的认知准备,它为父母预测和应对儿童发展变化提供了一定的认知基础,也是亲职教育的重要内容之一。问卷法是目前评估养育知识的主要方法。研究发现,尽管现有研究成果仍存在一些分歧,但养育知识丰富的父母通常会表现出更多的积极养育行为,他们的孩子在认知、言语、情绪和社会性方面也会有更高水平的发展。未来亲职教育研究需要关注养育知识严重缺乏的高风险人群,比较不同类型和领域养育知识的效用差异,探讨养育知识与儿童心理发展关系中的内在机制,加强纵向研究设计和其他年龄段测量工具的开发,以便科学指导亲职教育实践,促进儿童健康成长。

Parenting knowledge is the parents’cognitive reserve related to parenting activities,which provides a cognitive premise for parents to predict and cope with children’s development.It is also an important content of parental education.Questionnaire is the major method for the research on parenting knowledge.Researchers of this paper have found that although there are still some differences in existing research results,parents who have sufficient knowledge about children’s development can play a more positive parenting role.And their children will achieve better developmental outcome in terms of cognition,speech,emotion and sociality.In the future,parental education researchers should pay more attention to high-risk groups who are seriously lacking in parenting knowledge,while comparing the utility differences of parenting knowledge in different types and fields,exploring the internal mechanism in the relationship between parenting knowledge and children’s psychological development,and strengthening the development of longitudinal study design and other age group measurement tools,so as to scientifically guide the practice of parental education and promote the healthy growth of children.