应用型高校一流专业集群建设的特质、困境与突破策略

On the Characteristics,Dilemmas and Countermeasures of the Construction of First-Class Specialty Clusters in Applied Universities

一流专业集群是应用型高校主动适应区域经济社会发展形势的一种新型高水平专业建设的路径选项。专业集群是具有内在关联性的专业集聚共生体,具有根植于区域产业集群的现实需求,促进实现多重要素的集成创新与互动发展,以及构筑多元利益主体的价值共生平台等建设特质。在现实中,应用型高校的一流专业集群建设存在脱离区域产业集群发展需求;未能形成开放型的创新生态系统;生态位高度重叠,陷入“内卷化”;未能形成价值共生的专业建设理念等诸多难以实现真正“集群”的实践困境。优化一流专业集群的建设机制,应用型高校需明确需求,找准一流专业集群建设的产业定位;资源集聚,凝聚一流专业集群建设的竞争优势;统筹谋划,创新一流专业集群建设的生态空间;协同共赢,完善一流专业集群建设的共生机制。

The first-class specialty cluster is a new option for specialty construction for applied universities to proactively cater to the requirements of regional economic and social development.The specialty cluster is the interrelated specialty aggregation symbiosis,meeting the demands of regional industrial clusters,facilitating the integrated innovation and interactive development of multi important factors,and constructing the value symbiosis platform for different stakeholders.Its construction is faced with many dilemmas,such as deviation from the demands of regional industrial clusters,failure of forming an open innovation ecosystem,fierce involution due to the serious overlapping of ecological niches,and failure of clarifying the concept of specialty construction with value symbiosis.In order to optimize the construction mechanism,we should identify the demands and development trend of the regional industries;highlight the competitive advantages of the construction;innovate the ecology space;optimize the symbiosis mechanism of construction.