福建鲜食玉米单倍体诱导系的选育

Breeding Haploid-induced Corn Lines for Fresh Consumption in Fujian

【目的】玉米单倍体技术已成功应用于玉米商业化育种,极大地提高了玉米育种效率。针对福建省玉米单倍体育种起步晚、缺乏适应本地的诱导系等问题,开展适应福建气候特点的玉米单倍体诱导系选育,为福建鲜食玉米单倍体育种提供材料。【方法】利用外引高频单倍体诱导系MHI和EDI、高油型诱导系H3为基础材料,分别加入甜、糯玉米种质构建基础群体,在自交纯合的同时进行适应性、油分和诱导率测定。【结果】选育出适合福建省鲜食玉米单倍体育种的诱导系2份,分别命名为FSI-4和FWI-2。其中FSI-4为高油型甜质诱导系,平均诱导率为10.32%,农艺性状及抗病性优良,花粉量大,油分含量8.99%,可采用油分标记进行筛选;FWI-2为糯质型单倍体诱导系,该系诱导率平均为11.08%,植株农艺性状及抗病性优良,花粉量大,颜色标记清晰,适合糯玉米单倍体诱导。【结论】选育出的诱导系FSI-4和FWI-2具有综合农艺性状优良、抗病性好、花粉量大、颜色标记及含油量高等优点,可用于福建省鲜食玉米单倍体高效育种。

【 Objective】 The haploid technology for high-efficient commercial corn breeding was applied to provide an exemplary breeding program in Fujian. 【Method】 The external high-frequency induction MHI and EDI and the oil-rich induction H3 were combined with the materials from local adaptive sweet and waxy corn cultivars to establish a base population. Through continuous testing for oil content, adaptability, and haploid induction rate during breed self-purification,new corn varieties were obtained. 【Result】 Two haploid-induced corn lines suitable for fresh consumption were selected.FSI-4 had a relatively high oil content with an average induction rate of 10.32%. It displayed desirable agronomic characters,large amount of pollen, and strong overall resistance. The 8.99% oil content could be further improved by selective breeding using the target markers. The haploid-induced common waxy corn FWI-2 had an average induction rate of 11.08%. It also demonstrated with desirable agronomic characters, large amount of pollen, strong overall resistance, and distinct color markers.The two breeds were both applicable for haploid induction of new corn variety breeding program. 【 Conclusion】 Two haploid-induced corn lines were obtained to be used as a material for haploid breeding of fresh-consumption corn cultivars in Fujian.