面向未来的治理:人工智能时代的国家治理原则

Future-Oriented Governance:Principles of State Governance in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

国家治理原则的设计与国家治理理想的实现息息相关,在人工智能时代达致优良的国家治理需要遵循系列原则。①敏捷原则,一是敏捷切换“发展为主”与“防范为主”的态度基调;二是敏捷调整“重点扶持”与“明令禁止”的政策边界;三是敏捷预判人工智能技术段位升级造成的系列影响。②合作原则,一是人机合作,既给予人工智能体“特定自主权”,又保留人类的“核心控制权”;二是监管合作,以“国家力量”为主,辅加“行业力量”和“社会力量”,合力促使技术向善;三是资本合作,保持私人资本的投入热情,避免人工智能的发展陷入“技术寒冬”。③均衡原则,一是重视技术赋能与重视技术赋责的均衡;二是关注数字富民与关注数字贫民的均衡;三是推动技术发展与推动制度进步的均衡。有使命感的执政施政集体应该因时因势因事增补新的治理原则,或修缮原有的治理原则。

The principle of state governance is closely related to the achievement of governance goals.In the era of artificial intelligence,a sound state governance needs to follow the following principles.①Principle of agility.The first is to agilely switch the attitude tone of“developing first”and“preventing first”,the second is to adjust the policy boundaries of“key support”and“explicit ban”,and the third is to quickly predict the series of impacts caused by the upgrade of artificial intelligence technology.②Principle of cooperation.The first is human-machine cooperation which not only gives artificial intelligence“specific autonomy”,but also retains the“core control”of human beings.The second is regulatory cooperation which is mainly based on the“state force”,together with the assistance of“industry force”and“social force”and aims to promote artificial intelligence into technologies for social good.The third is capital cooperation which aims at avoiding the development of artificial intelligence from falling into the“cold winter of technology”by maintaining the enthusiasm of private capital.③The principle of equilibrium.The first is to pay attention to the balance between technological empowerment and technological responsibility,the second is to pay attention to the balance between the digital rich and the digital poor,and the third is to promote the balance between technological development and institutional progress.For a ruling and governance collective with a sense of mission,it is essential to establish new governance principles or adjust the existing governance principles according to the specific situation.