关中地区公共建筑近零能耗关键技术研究

Key technologies of nearly zero energy for public building in Guanzhong

为了探究陕西关中地区公共建筑适宜的近零能耗建筑技术,通过对已建成的典型近零能耗公共建筑进行研究,重点从该建筑的围护结构热工性能和气密性设计等方面,探索了近零能耗建筑关键节能技术.结合有限元分析软件对围护结构的重要节点进行二维传热分析,分析不同构造节点的热损失分布.采取压差法对房间进行检测,得出了主要房间的气密性指标.基于多维监测数据,分析了该建筑的室内外温湿度和空气质量,并进一步探讨了该建筑的节能潜力.结果表明:该建筑的外围护节点构造做法能降低热桥效应,各节点线性热桥传热系数ψ在满足标准限值的同时能有效降低建筑的热损失.房间气密性测试得出平均换气次数0.25次/h,满足近零能耗建筑标准.根据环境测试分析,在冬季和夏季室内每层最低温度和最高温度均在20~26℃之间波动,围护结构具有良好的热工性能.建筑能源消耗主要依靠清洁能源,该建筑在少量能源消耗的情况下能较好的维持室内环境的热舒适,可为陕西关中地区的近零能耗公共建筑设计提供参考.

In order to explore appropriate nearly zero-energy building technologies for public buildings in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi,the key energy-saving technologies for nearly zero-energy buildings were explored through a study of a typical completed nearly zero-energy public building,focusing on the thermal performance of the building′s envelope and air tightness design of the building.Combined with finite element analysis software,two-dimensional heat transfer analysis was performed on the important nodes of the envelope structure to analyze the heat loss distribution of different structural nodes.The differential pressure method was adopted to test the rooms,and the air tightness indexes of the main rooms were derived.Based on the multidimensional monitoring data,the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity and air quality of the building were analyzed,and the energy saving potential of the building was further discussed.The results show that the construction of the building envelope nodes can reduce the effect of thermal bridge,and the linear thermal bridge heat transfer coefficient of each node can effectively reduce the heat loss of the building while meeting the standard limit.The airtightness test of the room shows that the average number of air changes is 0.25 times/h,which meets the standard of nearly zero energy consumption building.According to environmental testing and analysis,the minimum and maximum indoor temperature per floor fluctuates between 20~26℃in both winter and summer,with excellent thermal performance of the envelope.The building energy consumption mainly relies on clean energy,thus the building can better maintain the thermal comfort of the indoor environment with a small amount of energy consumption,which provides a reference for the nearly zero-energy public building design in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi.