企业如何构建和利用网络实现创业?——基于杰克和南讯公司的创业阶段性演化案例研究

How Can Corporates Form and Utilize Inter-Organizational Network to Achieve(Successful)Entrepreneurship?A Comparative Case Study on Temporal Dynamics of Jack and Nanxun Corporations’ Entrepreneurship

公司创业是实现企业价值创造和提升竞争优势的重要途径之一。以解决“企业如何构建和利用网络实现创业”为问题导向,以创业网络形成与演化机制为主线,通过对“杰克缝纫机股份有限公司”和“厦门南讯软件科技有限公司”案例研究,考察了创业网络、创业学习与公司创业间的阶段性演化关系。结果发现:(1)在传统/新兴产业内公司创业过程中,创业网络的关系强度与创业学习模式的阶段性演化,是打破“管理/技术双重困境”实现公司创业的关键。但其诱发网络效应的关键却各不相同其中收购并购是突破传统产业关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题有效途径之一,借助大平台实现交互式创业是新兴产业内公司创业成功的“秘诀”。(2)创业网络、创业学习与公司创业的理论研究框架是解释“构建利用”的关键,其中制度(设计)工作能够促进创业网络和创业学习形成互补性关系,为实现公司创业提供了机制保障。(3)企业需要依据所处创业阶段和行业特征等因素,合理配置和优化利用式学习和探索式学习所需要的资源,构建合适的创业网络。(4)创业网络与创业学习的分阶段主导关系交替演化,是帮助企业“去制度化”并实现公司创业的必要前提。最后,从中国情境下企业实施创业战略的实践出发,提出了传统和新兴企业的不同创业成功路径的实践启示。

Corporate entrepreneurship is considered as one of the most important approaches for corporates to create value and obtain competitive advantage. Focusing on solving "how can corporates form and utilize inter-organizational network to achieve entrepreneurship", this paper makes a case study of Jake and Naxun companies, and conducts data coding analysis based on four entrepreneurial behaviors: continuous renewal, organizational renewal, strategic renewal and domain renewal, which takes the formation and evolution mechanism of entrepreneurial network as the main line and entrepreneurial event as the basic unit. Futhermore, this paper addresses the relationship between the network characteristics and the learning types in different stages of entrepreneurial enterprises, and explores the internal mechanism leading to entrepreneurial success, so as to respond to the call of scholars to strengthen the multi-entrepreneurship research based on Chinese background(Zhou Dongmei etls, 2020). Results indicate that,(1) during the process of corporate entrepreneurship in both traditional/emerging industries, the entrepreneurial network intensity(from weak to strong ties) and learning types(from exploratory to exploitative learning) evolve periodically, which become the core factors to disrupt the“managerial/technical logic puzzles”. To achieve this transformation, the traditional and emerging enterprise paths vary. We argue that M &A is an effective to breakthrough major technology bottleneck in traditional industry which become the key to inducing network effects, and realizing interactive entrepreneurship with large platforms play important roles in achieving successful corporate entrepreneurship in emerging industry which is the breakthrough of network effect.(2) In the process of corporate entrepreneurship in traditional/emerging industries, the theoretical research framework of entrepreneurial network, entrepreneurial learning and corporate entrepreneurship is the key to explain the "construction and utilization", among which institutional(design) work can contribute to complementary interaction of entrepreneurial network and entrepreneurial learning, providing institutional background for achieving successful corporate entrepreneurship during its process.(3) Exploratory and exploitative learning are network-based learning types in the entrepreneurial process, among which should enterprises to reasonably allocate and optimize the resources related with both exploitative learning and exploratory learning based on the entrepreneurial stage and industry characteristics and build suitable inter-organizational network according to entrepreneurial stage and industry characteristics and other factors. When enterprises choose exploratory learning, they can build an entrepreneurial network dominated by weak ties to provide more diversified knowledge for exploratory learning. Whereas if enterprises choose exploitative learning, they can change the cooperation mode, increase the cooperation’s frequency and time so as to change the entrepreneurial network, which is beneficial for exploitative learning.(4) The importance of the roles which entrepreneurial network and entrepreneurial learning play changes in different entrepreneurial stages, which is considered as the basic premise for companies to realize“de-institutionalized”and then achieve successful corporate entrepreneurship. Concretely speaking, The first stage should build a entrepreneurial relationship network to promote entrepreneurial learning;the second stage should pay attention to both entrepreneurship network construction and entrepreneurship learning guidance;the third stage should focus on promoting knowledge-creation learning behavior and strengthening the matching entrepreneurial relationship network.At last, this paper addresses the empirical enlightenment of different successful entrepreneurial paths in traditional/emerging corporates from the perspective of Chinese background.