事件冲击对颠覆性创新的影响研究——基于新冠肺炎疫情的纵向研究

Research on the Impact of System Event Shock on Disruptive Innovation:A Longitudinal Study based on COVID-19 Event

复杂多变的商业环境和数字化革命,重构了商业系统和组织管理的底层逻辑,为颠覆性技术创新提供了肥沃的土壤。以系统事件理论和颠覆性创新理论为基础,将事件冲击纳入创新研究的范畴,构建理论研究框架,在新冠肺炎疫情发生前后分别进行两次纵向研究。结果表明:技术事件冲击、市场事件冲击和政策事件冲击均对企业颠覆性创新具有一定的影响;动态能力削弱了市场事件冲击对颠覆性创新的促进作用,但是对技术事件冲击和政策事件冲击与颠覆性创新的关系没有调节作用。基于新冠肺炎事件的研究表明,技术事件和政策事件冲击对企业颠覆性创新具有正向影响,而市场事件冲击对颠覆性创新没有影响,动态能力在事件冲击和颠覆性创新关系上没表现出调节作用。

The digital age leads to the structural restructuring of business systems, discontinuous and non-linear changes in the underlying logic of organizational management, and accelerates the iterative speed of technological crossover and integration, providing fertile soil for disruptive technological innovation. Because of the profound impact of disruptive innovation on incumbent enterprises, market structure and social development, it has attracted extensive attention from enterprise managers and scholars both at home and abroad.Based on event system theory and disruptive innovation theory, this paper analyzed the impact mechanism of event shock on disruptive innovation, and token dynamic capability as the moderating variable between event shock and disruptive innovation. Furthermore, as the background of the COVID-19, this paper carried out two surveys before and after it.The longitudinal study is used to analyze and compare the differences between the bounded and unbounded event shocks.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows.First, technological, market as well as policy event shocks play a significant and positive role in disruptive innovation. This study combines event shocks with disruptive innovation, which verified and expanded the research of Zhou et al.(2005) on environmental factors of disruptive innovation. Second, there are differences in the moderating effects of event shocks on disruptive innovation. Dynamic capabilities weakened the promoting effects of market event shocks on disruptive innovation, but they cannot moderate the relationship between technological and policy ones. By analyzing the moderating impact of dynamic capability, this paper expanded the research of Morgeson et al.(2015) on the influence mechanism of event shocks on organizations. Third, this study confirms the heterogeneity between bounded and unbounded event shocks. Policy event shocks have no remarkable influence on disruptive innovation when a particular event shock is defined for firms. Meanwhile, dynamic capability has a moderating effect on the impact of technological event shocks and disruptive innovation, while it isn’t significant to market ones.This study has some theoretical contributions to event system theory and disruptive innovation theory. First, this paper introduced event shocks into disruptive innovation’s research framework, which expanded the research content and application scope of event system theory. Disruptive innovation originates from low-end niche markets, while the impact of technology, market and policy event shocks will change the market competition pattern and provide opportunities for disruptive innovation to occupy the mainstream market. This paper provides a new perspective for the interpretation of disruptive innovation. Second, this paper brings dynamic capability into the research framework of event shocks and disruptive innovation, and profoundly analyzes mechanism of their impact on it. This study theoretically clarifies the mechanism of event shocks’ impact on disruptive innovation and enriches the theoretical framework of disruptive innovation. Finally,taking the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity, this paper conducts a longitudinal study on the relationship between event shocks and disruptive innovation, and compares the heterogeneity of their impacts on disruptive innovation,consolidating theoretical research on disruptive innovation. Since firms have different understandings of event shocks,their impacts on disruptive innovation can be compared by giving them a definition.