社会主义条件下的资本:基于政治经济学视角的研究

Capital Under Socialist Conditions:A Study Based on the Perspective of Political Economy

深刻把握社会主义条件下资本的运动规律、性质和作用具有重要的理论与实践意义。解决好这个问题,需要科学运用马克思主义政治经济学基本原理和方法,辩证把握资本二重性理论。马克思的资本二重性理论揭示了资本的增殖属性和其所反映的内在经济关系。资本在逐利性的驱使下发展出的三阶段资本运动规律表明,资本进入无序扩张的状态时,其消极作用将逐步取代资本增殖的积极作用,并最终占据主导地位。社会主义条件下的资本尽管具有多元的利益指向,但坚持“以公有制为主体”有助于限制和消除各类资本的消极作用和负面影响,最终实现个人利益和社会利益的统一。这也需要通过党领导下的政府与市场的协同作用促进我国各类资本的良性发展、共同发展。

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand the law,attributes and functions of capital under socialist conditions.To solve this problem,it is necessary to scientifically apply the basic principles and methods of Marxist political economy,and dialectically grasp the duality theory of capital.Marx’s theory of duality of capital reveals the value-added property of capital at the level of productive forces and the internal economic relationship it reflects.The three-stage capital movement law developed by capital under the drive of profitseeking shows that when capital enters a state of disorderly expansion,its negative effect will gradually replace the positive effect of capital proliferation,and will eventually occupy a dominant position.Although capital under socialist conditions has multiple interest orientations,insisting on“taking public ownership as the main body”will help limit and eliminate the negative effects of various types of capital,and ultimately achieve the unity of personal interests and social interests.It is also necessary to promote the benign development and common development of various types of capital in China through the synergy between the government and the market under the leadership of the party.