腊尔山区苗族学生头面部形态特征

Head facial characteristics of Miao students in Lar Mountain area

本项目对1896例腊尔山区6~16岁苗族学生(男919例,女977例)进行了人体测量,测量了10项头面部形态指标,并根据公式计算13项头面部指数值。结果表明,苗族学生头面部各指标均值随年龄增长而增加,同年龄段头面部各指标均值男生一般高于女生,且多数年龄段差异有统计学意义;男性的头长宽的、形态面的、形态上面的、容貌面的、颧额宽的、容貌上面的和容貌上面高的指数以及女性的形态面的、形态上面的、容貌面的、颧下颌宽度的、容貌上面高的指数随年龄增长总体趋势是先增加后递减;男性头面高的以及女性的头长高的、头宽高的和头面宽的指数随年龄增长逐渐增加;男女性之间的头长高的、头宽高的和额顶宽的指数比较显示,多数年龄段差异有统计学意义;苗族学生头型以中头型、高头型、阔头型多见,面型以阔面型、阔上面型为主;相对于其他族群,腊尔山苗族男生面型短而宽,头型偏长,女生面型偏短,头型稍偏长而窄。腊尔山苗族学生头面部特征与融水苗族、土家族等族群较为接近,与哈萨克族、新乡汉族相距较远。

Ten items of head facial characteristics of 1896 Miao primary and middle school students(919 males and 977 females)aged 6~16 in Lar mountain area were investigated by anthropometry method,and 13 cephalofacial index values were calculated by formula.The results were as follows:1)The growth development in head and face of Miao students has following characteristics:The mean value of measuring items increased gradually with age,the mean values of head and face indicators of boys were higher than those of girls in the same age group,and there were significant difference in majority of age groups.2)Overall,the values of length–breadth index of head,morphological facial index,morphological upper facial index,physiognomic facial index,zygomatic frontal index,physiognomic upper facial index,physiognomic upper facial height index of male students and morphological facial index,morphological upper facial index,physiognomic facial index,zygomatic mandibular index,physiognomic upper facial index of female students increased at first and then decreased with age.3)The values of vertical cephalo-facial index of male students and length height index of head,breadth height index of head,transverse cephalo-facial index of female students increased gradually with age.4)There were significant differences between the values of length height index of head,breadth height index of head,transverse frontoparietal index of male students and those of female students in majority of age groups.5)Head shapes of Miao students of Lar Mountain area were characterized by mesocephaly,hypsicephalic and tapeinocephalic,and their facial types were mainly featured by euryprosopy and hypereuryen.6)The results of the principal component showed that compared with other ethnic groups,the face type of boy was short and wide,and the head shape was long,while the face type of girl was shorter,and head type was longer and narrower of Miao ethnic group in Lar mountain.7)The head and facial feature of Miao students in Lar Mountain is close to those of Tujia and Rongshui Miao,far away from Kazak and Han of Xinxiang.