河南南召余坪旧石器地点的发现与研究

Discovery and study of the Yuping Paleolithic site in Nanzhao county,Henan

余坪地点位于河南省南召县汉水中游支流松河南岸第二级阶地前缘,于2021年3月由吉林大学考古学院、南阳市文物考古研究所调查发现。地表采集石制品38件,包括石核4件、石片3件、断块4件、使用石片5件、石器22件。个体多为小型与中型。原料皆河漫滩砾石,岩性以石英为主。石核剥片采用硬锤锤击,偶见砸击法。剥片方法属普通石核石片技术。使用石片分为刮削刃、尖刃者两类。石器包括刮削器、尖刃器、钻器、砍砸器、砍伐器和手锛。毛坯多为石片与断块,未见砾石毛坯。根据地貌与石制品特征,时代应属旧石器时代晚期。文化属性为石片石器技术系统。该地点对于探讨南北方过渡地区旧石器时代晚期的文化特点具有重要意义。

The Yuping locality located at the front edge of second terrace of Songhe river,Hanjiang River Basin,Nanzhao county,Henan province,is discovered during the field survey conducted by Jilin University and Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Nanyang City in March year 2021.A total of 38 stone artifacts were collected from the surface and can be classified into five basic categories:Cores(n=4),flakes(n=3),chunks(n=4),retouched tools(n=22),and some blanks with obvious use wear(n=5).Quartz(n=31)was utilized as the main raw material for the production of stone artifacts,followed by sandstone,quartzite,etc.As shown by the characteristics of cores and flakes,freehand percussion was applied commonly,but bipolar technique also used to exploit some small quartz materials occasionally.All cores(n=4)with double and multiple platforms display some simple reduction methods without clear core preparation and organization.Most of the retouched tools were made on flakes.Side scrapers(n=13),unifacial points(n=4)and borers(n=2)are small in size and account for very large proportion in the toolkits,some of which were modified relatively fine.Several heavy-duty tools including chopper(n=1),chopping tool(n=1)and adze-like tool(n=1)can be identified at this site.In the meanwhile,some edges of several cores,flakes and chunks show distinct use-wear scars and can be regarded as scrapers and points.Based on the evidence from stratigraphy and lithic assemblage,we can speculate that this site belongs to the period of Upper Paleolithic.Above all,this site shares common features with the core-flake industry while also exist some regional traits,detailed analysis of which would make great sense in our understanding to the technological attributes and behavioral adaption in the transitional zone between northern and southern China.