面向农业现代化的公共政策选择--以农业经营方式转型为例

Public Policy Choices for Agricultural Modernization:An Analysis of Transformation of Agricultural Operation Practices as an Example

公共政策的有效支持是引导农业经营方式转型、实现农业现代化的重要保障。本文从交易费用视角,考察了农业经营方式转型过程中的公共政策支持问题,并以四川省崇州市农业转型实践为案例进行了深入剖析。研究表明:由于农业经营的不确定性增加,农业投资的资产专用性程度高,以及农业要素市场的交易频率偏低,传统农业经营方式转型面临着较高的交易费用,需要公共政策的有效支持。面对农业经营方式转型困境,崇州市不断完善公共政策支持方式,优化市场资源配置条件,实现了农业经营方式的成功转型。崇州市的经验表明:优化目标考核政策,将考核重点放在乡镇政府和村集体的“工作过程”与“服务质量”上,有利于引导基层组织开展农业经营方式创新;改进财政补贴政策,将补贴与农业经营绩效挂钩,有利于激发农业经营主体的内生动力;强化外部服务政策,建立农业全流程以及综合化服务体系,有利于引导农业要素融合与赋能农业产业经营。

Implementing effective public policies is a critical guarantee to guide the transformation of agricultural operation practices and realizing agricultural modernization.From the perspective of transaction costs,this article identifies issues in public policy interventions in the process of agricultural operation transformation and conducts an in-depth analysis taking as an example the case of agricultural operation practices in Chongzhou,Sichuan.The study shows that the increased uncertainty in the agricultural operation,the high asset specialization in agricultural investment,and low transaction frequency in agricultural factor markets lead to high transaction costs in the transformation of agricultural operations.It requires effective support from public policies.Confronted with the dilemma in the transformation of agricultural operation practices,Chongzhou has achieved success by constantly upgrading public policy intervention methods to improve market resource allocation conditions.Chongzhou’s experience shows that improving the policy of target assessment and focusing on the“process of work”and“quality of services”performed by grassroots governments and village collectives can help guide grassroots organizations to carry out innovations in agricultural operation practices.Changing subsidy policies and linking them with the performance of agricultural operation practices can help stimulate the endogenous power of agricultural business operation entities.Reinforcing external service policies and establishing the whole agricultural process and comprehensive service system are conducive to promoting the integration of agricultural factors and enabling agricultural industry operation.