效率遵循还是利润导向:农户奶牛养殖模式的分化

Efficiency Compliance or Profit Orientation:The Differentiation of Household Dairy Cow Breeding Models

中国农户生产经营模式正在快速分化,但尚不清楚分化过程中农户行为决策符合效率遵循还是利润导向,以及不同效率的农户在规模化经营行为上存在的差异。本文选取农户奶牛养殖模式分化事例,采用IV-MProbit模型和2SLS方法探讨效率和利润对农户养殖模式分化的影响,并运用费舍尔组合检验分析种养结合的调节效应。研究发现:农户养殖模式的分化行为符合效率遵循与利润导向的双重原则,这有助于农民增收和农业增效双重目标的同步实现。高效率养殖户形成了较大的存栏规模,资源要素向高效经营主体集中,未产生资源错配问题。种养结合在效率遵循与利润导向影响农户养殖模式分化的过程中发挥了明显的调节效应,主要体现为对效率遵循影响的减弱以及对利润导向作用的增强。同时,种养结合在效率和利润对农户存栏规模的影响中也发挥了明显的调节效应,主要体现为增强了效率和利润的影响。

The production and management mode of China’s farmer households is in a period of rapid divergence.What role does economic benefit play in the decision-making of farmers’behavior in this process?Is it profit-oriented or efficiency-based?What are the differences in the scale management behavior of farmers with different efficiencies?This article adopts the events of farmer households’dairy cow breeding model differentiation and uses IV-MProbit and 2SLS methods to explore the effect of efficiency and profit on farmers’breeding model divergence.It also conducts a Fisher combination test to analyze the moderating effect of the combination of planting and breeding.The study finds that the differentiation behavior of farmer households’breeding models conforms to the dual principles of efficiency compliance and profit orientation,which is conducive to the simultaneous realization of the dual goals of increasing farmers’income and promoting agricultural efficiency.The farmers with a high level of efficiency have formed a larger inventory scale,and resource elements are concentrated to efficient business entities without resource mismatch.The combination of planting and breeding has played a significant moderating role in the process in which profit orientation and efficiency compliance affect the differentiation of farmers’breeding models,which is mainly manifested in the weakening of the impact on efficiency compliance and the enhancement of profit-oriented functions.Meanwhile,the combination of planting and breeding has also played an obvious moderating role in the impact of efficiency and profit on the scale of farmer households’inventory,which is mainly reflected in enhancing the impact of efficiency and profits.