农民工返乡创业何以促进农民农村共同富裕

How Can Migrant Workers Returning Home for Entrepreneurship Promote Common Prosperity of Farmers in Rural Areas?

提高农民收入和缩小农民收入差距是实现共同富裕的基础和前提,农民的收入水平直接检验着共同富裕的实现程度。因此,本文基于2019年全国返乡创业企业调查数据,采用RIF回归和重加权RIF-OB分解方法,探究农民工返乡创业对农民收入以及农民收入差距的影响。研究发现:农民工高质量返乡创业对农民收入分布下尾群体的带动作用显著大于其对上尾群体的作用,是实现农民增收和农民收入差距缩小的重要抓手。进一步检验发现,企业家精神、数字技术、政府扶持、正规信贷在农民工返乡创业和农民增收及农民收入差距缩小之间发挥着显著的中介效应。同时,农民工返乡创业的带动效应是缩小区域间农民收入差距的主因。上述研究结果表明,推动返乡创业企业高质量发展和吸引有志之士返乡创办高质量企业是提高农民收入、缩小农民收入差距、促进农民农村共同富裕的关键。

Increasing farmers’income and narrowing the income gap of farmers between regions are the basis and premise of realizing common prosperity.The income level of farmers directly tests the degree of achieving common prosperity.To this end,based on 2019national survey data of enterprises started by entrepreneurs returning home,this article uses RIF regression and reweighted RIF-OB decomposition method to explore the impact of migrant workers’returning home to start businesses on farmers’income and their income gap in rural areas.The study finds that the high-quality migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship play a more significant role in driving the lower end group of farmers’income distribution than the upper end group,which is an important starting point for increasing farmers’income in rural areas and narrowing their income gap.Further examination shows that entrepreneurial spirit,digital technology,government support,and formal credit have played a significant mediating effect between migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship and farmers’income increase as well as narrowing their income gap.The driving effect of migrant workers returning home for entrepreneurship is the main reason for narrowing farmers’income gap in different regions.The conclusions of the study show that attracting ambitious people to return home and establish high-quality enterprises as well as promoting a high-quality development of such enterprises are key measures to improving farmers’income,narrowing the income gap between farmers and promoting the common prosperity of farmers in rural areas.