数字赋能、数字投入来源与制造业绿色化转型

Digital Empowerment,Source of Digital Input and Green Manufacturing

数字技术如何赋能制造业绿色化转型,是一个值得深入研究的重要命题。本文通过实证研究发现:数字赋能能够促进企业绿色化转型,这一研究结论在各种稳健性检验下依然成立,而且上述效应在不同能耗强度的行业之间存在异质性。数字赋能还能够通过产业链对上下游企业绿色化转型产生积极的外溢效应。从具体作用机制看,数字赋能主要通过规模效应和技术效应两个机制促进制造业企业绿色化转型。虽然数字赋能对制造业企业绿色化转型具有显著的积极影响,但依托国外数字来源实现的数字赋能,比依托国内数字来源实现的数字赋能,对制造业绿色化转型影响更大。上述差别可能源于国内外数字技术发展的差距,这一判断在不同经济发展水平地区、不同要素密集型制造业行业的异质性分析中均得到进一步证实,说明在新一轮的技术竞争中,中国必须警惕国内外数字技术发展差距可能带来的影响。本文不仅有助于拓展和深化认识制造业企业绿色化转型的影响因素,而且对于如何抓住数字技术带来的战略机遇,在开放融合创新中构筑先发优势,缩小与国外数字发展水平的差距,夯实制造业绿色化转型的数字赋能基础也有重要的政策启示。

China now has entered a new stage of high-quality development.How to balance development and environment has become one of the most important goals in economic and social construction gradually,as well as an important embodiment of meeting the people’s increasing needs for a better life.It is an important topic awaiting urgent settlement on how to promote green manufacturing in the process of high-quality development.Based on the theoretical analysis,this paper uses enterprise-level micro data from 2000 to 2012 to empirically analyze the practical effects of digital empowerment on promoting the green manufacturing.Research finds that digital empowerment indeed promotes the green manufacturing,which maintains valid under various robustness tests.In addition,the above effects are heterogeneous among industries with different energy consumption intensities.Digital empowerment not only helps to facilitate the green transformation of manufacturing enterprises,but also has a positive spillover effect on the green manufacturing of upstream and downstream enterprises through the industrial chain.From the perspective of specific mechanism,digital empowerment promotes the green manufacturing mainly through two mechanisms:scale effect and technical effect.Despite the significant positive impact of digital empowerment on green manufacturing,digital empowerment based on foreign digital sources has a stronger effect than that based on domestic digital sources,which may result from the development gap of digital technology between China and foreign countries.Such a judgment is further confirmed by heterogeneity analysis based on regions with different levels of economic development and various factorintensive manufacturing industries.This indicates that China must be alert about the possible impact of the development gap between domestic and foreign digital technology in the new round of technological competition.This paper helps to expand and deepen the understanding of factors influencing green manufacturing.Moreover,it has important policy implications on how to seize the strategic opportunity brought by digital technology,construct first-mover advantage in the open integration innovation,narrow the gap with foreign digital development level,and consolidate the digital foundation for green manufacturing.On the one hand,it is necessary to accelerate digital technological progress and digital economic development,so as to promote green manufacturing.Meanwhile,the government should accelerate the circulation in domestic market and smooth the domestic industrial chain.On the other hand,it is necessary to implement high-level opening up and create a progress pattern of open source digital technology,so as to facilitate the process of green manufacturing.In the process,the government should correctly handle the relationship between digital technology opening and security in order to ensure the safety and stability of industrial chain and supply chain in the process of green manufacturing.