CRISPR介导功能性核酸/蛋白的食品检测研究进展

Advances in food detection based on CRISPR mediated functional nucleic acids/proteins technology

成簇间隔的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)及其相关Cas蛋白是古细菌和细菌中应对外源核酸物质入侵的适应性免疫系统。当Cas蛋白识别靶标并进行切割后,会激活其反式切割活性,这为新型核酸检测平台的构建提供了新思路。功能性核酸/蛋白由于对其配体具有高特异性和高亲和力而广泛应用于食品检测中。简单介绍了CRISPR系统的分类和功能性核酸/蛋白的挖掘途径,概述了二者在食品检测中的作用机制,回顾了二者相结合在食品检测相关领域的研究进展,如,食源性致病菌、食品掺假、离子、食品防腐剂、农兽药/抗生素残留等。最后,探讨了基于CRISPR的技术和基于功能性核酸/蛋白检测的优缺点,分析了目前功能性核酸/蛋白作为元器件的局限性,展望了未来食品检测的新方向。

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)and CRISPR⁃associated Cas proteins were adaptive immune systems of archaea and bacteria in response to exogenous nucleic acid invasion.After Cas protein recognizes the target and performs cleavage,its trans⁃cleavage activity was then activated,which provided a new idea for the construction of a novel nucleic acid detection platform.Functional nucleic acids/proteins were widely used in food detection due to their high specificity and affinity for their ligands.The classification of CRISPR system and the discovery of functional nucleic acids/proteins were briefly introduced and the mechanisms of their combinatorial actions in food detection were summarized.The research progress of the combinatorial application of the CRISPR system and the functional nucleic acids/proteins in food detection related fields,such as foodborne pathogens,food adulteration,ions,food preservatives,pesticides and veterinary drugs/antibiotic residues were also reviewed.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of CRISPR⁃based technology and functional nucleic acids/proteins detection were discussed,the current limitations of functional nucleic acids/proteins⁃based as elements for detection were analyzed,and the new direction of food detection in the future was prospected.