生物3D打印在大面积骨骼肌损伤中应用研究进展

Advances in clinical applications and research of bio⁃3D printing in volumetric muscle loss

骨骼肌在人体运动系统中发挥至关重要的作用,大面积骨骼肌损伤(volumetric muscle loss,VML)往往会超过骨骼肌自身再生恢复能力,从而导致骨骼肌功能障碍。目前临床治疗方法无法完全恢复损伤的骨骼肌组织及功能,因此,骨骼肌组织工程(skeleton muscle tissue engineering,SMTE)为VML等严重肌病损伤提供了可行的治疗方案。本文将综述骨骼肌组织工程应用3D生物打印技术治疗骨骼肌损伤的研究现状,回顾常用的3D生物打印技术及生物材料/墨水,并总结了近年3D生物打印支架在SMTE的应用进展。此外,血管化和神经再生对骨骼肌修复至关重要,本文将进一步探讨骨骼肌生物打印的血管化及神经连接策略及研究进展,讨论该领域的未来发展及挑战,以期为骨骼肌损伤修复的临床治疗提供参考。

Skeletal muscle plays a critical role in human locomotor system.Volumetric muscle loss(VML)often exceeds the ability of skeletal muscle to recover from its own regeneration,resulting in skeletal muscle dys⁃function.Currently,the clinical therapies are unable to fully restore damaged skeletal muscle tissue and function;therefore,skeleton muscle tissue engineering(SMTE)offers a viable treatment option for severe myopathic injuries such as VML.This paper outlines the current status of research on skeletal muscle tissue engineering applying 3D bioprinting technology to treat skeletal muscle injuries,reviews commonly used 3D bioprinting technologies and biomaterials/inks,and summarizes recent advances in the application of 3D bioprinted scaffolds in SMTE.In addition,vascularization and nerve regeneration are crucial for skeletal muscle repair.We further explore the strategies for vascularization and nerve connection and the research progress of skeletal muscle bioprinting,and finally discuss the future development and challenges in this field,in order to provide a reference for clinical treatments of skeletal muscle injury.